高考英语读后续写题型特点及解题技巧
戴剑国
从2021年英语高考改革起，英语高考分为两篇作文：大作文为读后续写，满分25分；小作文为应用文写作，满分15分。其中读后续写是全新题型，难度较大，卷面上给出一篇情节丰富的记叙文，然后下面会给出两段的开头句，要求分别以正常的逻辑把记叙文接下来可能发生的故事写完。具体要求如下：
提供一篇350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容和所给段落开头语进行续写（150词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。下面通过续写案例谈谈高考英语读后续写的题型特点及解题思路，供考生参考。
一、案例展示
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
A Bowl of Noodles
Jenny was the only child in her home. She had a quarrel with her mother that afternoon and she ran out of the house angrily. She couldn’t help crying sadly when she thought of the scolding from her mother. Having wandered（游荡）aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat, but it was not even possible for her, since she had nothing with her. She stood beside a stand（货摊）for a while, watching the middle-aged seller busy doing his business. However, with no money in hand, she sighed and had to leave.
The seller behind the stand noticed the young girl and asked, “Hey, girl, you want to have the noodles?”
“Oh, yes... but I don’t have money on me...” she replied.
“That’s nothing. I’ll treat you today,” said the man, “Come in.”
The seller brought her a bowl of noodles, whose smell was so attractive. Jenny thanked the man and started to gobble（狼吞虎咽）up the delicious food... then cried silently.
“What is it? ”asked the man kindly.
“Nothing, actually I was moved by your kindness!” said Jenny as she wiped her tears, “Even a stranger on the street will give me a bowl of noodles, while my mother drove me out of the house. She showed no care for me. She is so mean and cruel!”
Hearing the words, the seller smiled, “Girl, do you really think so? I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you thanked me a lot. But it is your mother who has raised you since you were a baby. Can you number the times that she has cooked for you? Have you expressed your thanks to her? ”
Jenny sat there, speechless and numb（麻木的）with shock; she remembered her mother’s familiar face and weathered（饱经风霜的）hands. “Why did I not think of that? A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel grateful, but I have never thanked my mum for what she has done for me.”
On the way home, Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to her mother for her rudeness as soon as she arrived home.
Paragraph 1:
Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、写作思路
1. 通读原文，理清脉络
根据记叙文的六要素（5W1H）弄清文章大意，特别要弄清故事的人物、时态（通常是一般过去时）、事件（故事的起因和经过）和语言特色（以便在续写时语言特色前后一致、保持不变）等。
（1）六要素：包括人物、时间、地点、事件、原因和方式。
Who: Jenny, her mother, the seller of the stand
When: that afternoon
Where: the house, the street, beside a stand, near the doorway
What: Jenny ran out of the house and sweeping. The seller treated her to a bowl of noodle.
Why: Jenny had a quarrel with her mother.
How: Jenny made an apology to her mother.
此外，材料的时态、事件、语言特色应保持不变：
（2）时态应用：一般过去时
（3）事件梳理：
Jelly quarreled with her mother, left home and a few hours later, felt a little hungry.
The seller gave a bowl of noodles and Jenny thanked the seller a lot.
The seller asked her how many times her mother cooked for her and if she thanked her mother.
She realized her mistakes and decided to go home to make an apology to her mother.
（4）语言特色：应用了较为高级的语法结构。
Having wandered aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat.（现在分词短语作状语）
She stood beside a stand for a while, watching the middle-aged seller busy doing his business.（现在分词短语作状语）
Hearing the words, the seller smiled….（现在分词短语作状语）
Jenny sat there, speechless and numb with shock.（形容词短语作状语）
However, with no money in hand, she gave a sigh and had to leave.（with的复合结构）
The seller brought her a bowl of noodles, whose smell was so attractive.（定语从句）
She couldn't help weeping sorrowfully when she thought of the scolding from her mother.（状语从句）
“Nothing. Actually I was just touched by your kindness!” said Jenny as she wiped her tears.（状语从句）
On the way home, Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to her mother for her rudeness as soon as she arrived home.（状语从句）
But it is your mother who has raised you since you were a baby.（强调句+状语从句）
2. 细读首句，构思框架
仔细阅读所给段落的开头语，并根据正能量的原则，可构思续写材料的大致框架。此题所给两段的首句为：
Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath.（走到门口，珍妮深吸了一口气。）
A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back.（轻轻一碰她的头发，她的思绪又回来了。）
通过分析，由第一段首句“走到门口，珍妮深吸了一口气。”可知，珍妮应是鼓起勇气敲门回家，但从第二段首句来看，“轻轻一碰她的头发”的应是母亲，因为人物就三个（Jenny, her mother, the seller of the stand），续写中一般不要随意冒出一个新的人物，除非情节发展的确需要。“思绪回来”说明在第一段中珍妮回家没见到母亲，在回忆跟母亲吵架的事，或在回忆母亲多年的关爱等。所以，第二段才出现母亲，第一段应是母亲不在家，那么母亲去哪里了呢？根据常识，女儿出走，母亲应是找女儿去了。
第二段的框架，由第二段首句与故事正能量结尾来确定。通过分析第二段首句“轻轻一碰她的头发，她的思绪又回来了”可知母亲回家，与“母女和好”这一正能量可确定第二段的框架。
3. 增加细节，开始写作
在已定框架范围内，依据故事情节发展和生活常识，可推断出故事中的人物所见、所闻、所说、所做、所思等，从而可以给每段增加5至8个具体细节，我们称之为“五所”细节添加法。这样，便可以让我们有话可写，有情可推。通过分析构思，此文可添加以下细节：
Paragraph 1: Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath.
鼓足勇气，推门进屋
母亲外出，该去何处
累而难过，沙发上坐
争吵场面，浮现脑海
自己粗鲁，愧对其母
母亲责骂，皆因关爱
自感羞愧，泪流脸颊
Paragraph 2: A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back.
抬头一望，看见母亲
到处找你，你在这里
母亲虽累，松了口气
扑入怀里，道歉致谢
母亲听后，喜在心头
然后，根据一致性原则，除内容上要语义衔接、上下连贯外，语言风格要一致，应使用分词短语和形容词短语作状语，同时注意使用主从复合句。在确定框架、增加细节之后，就可以开始写作了。
4. 修改润色，认真誊写
初稿完成之后要认真检查修改，注意语义是否衔接，前后是否连贯，事件是否符合逻辑，语言特色是否与前文一致，等等。在修改润色之后，整齐工整地誊写在答题卷上。
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1:
Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. When she pushed the door open and entered the house, she found her mother was not in. Tired and sad, she sank down onto the sofa. “Where could my mother be?” she wondered. “Was she still angry with me?” Again, the scene of the quarrel appeared in her mind. She remembered her rudeness to her mother. Realizing that all the scolding from her mother was due to the fact that her mother really cared a lot about her, she felt rather ashamed and tears began to roll down her cheeks.
Paragraph 2:
A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back. She raised her head and saw a familiar face of her mother. “Here you come! I've been looking for you,” she said, tired and relieved. Jenny couldn't help throwing herself into her mother's arms. “Mum, I'm so sorry and thank you for all you've done for me.” She expressed her sincere apology and great gratitude. Hearing this, her mother smiled, patting her back gently.
三、专题训练
（2024届南昌市高三摸底测试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day, my elder brother and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going with other fishermen. All at once, the sky over our heads was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. Strangely, it seemed that the storm struck us only. I could clearly see that the sun shone brightly in the area not far away.
With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool (旋涡). Other fishermen were in a very distant area without noticing what we were experiencing. We shouted for help but in vain. We were hopeless. Nothing could save us. I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool. It may appear strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature. Suddenly, we went over the edge. I thought my life was over. But moment after moment passed, and I was still safe.
The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed. I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool---trees and barrels (桶子). After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself. I then made three important observations. The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down less rapidly; and the third, between two objects of the same size, objects shaped like a tube fell down more slowly.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So I tied myself to a barrel and jumped into the sea._________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer, and the sun was shining. _____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
附参考范文：
So I tied myself to a barrel and jumped into the sea. Seeing what I did, my brother also found a barrel. After he finished tying, I shouted to him, "Jump!" Without waiting, he jumped into the sea and we tried hard to escape. We couldn't see anything in the sea. The only thing we could do is try our best to swim away from the whirlpool. Some time after we left the boat, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. Soon after that, the whirlpool became less wild.
Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer, and the sun was shining. We were still tied to the barrels and the waves soon carried us to an area where the other fishermen were. In the end, a boat picked us up. We were very tired. The fishermen were our old friends, but they were unable to recognize us. When we told them our story, they looked astonished and in disbelief. Then I told them what observations I made. They all praised my calmness and carefulness. From this experience, I learned that no matter how dangerous the situation is, stay calm and observe carefully, then we can find the solution.
