Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 词汇(课件）-2024-2025学年英语人教版(2019) 选择性必修第二册同步课

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Unit 2 BRIDGING CULTURES — Words and Expressions I have studied for business qualifications at Peking University for one year.I recall that faced with complex surroundings and dramatic changes, I suffered from tremendous pressure and overwhelming homesickness,which made me depressed in the beginning. But being an ambitious, optimistic and mature student, I managed to motivate myself to step out of my comfort zone.I grasped every chance to speak up and offer logical presentations in class, enabling myself to become competent.I engaged in the Literature Club to strengthen my literary outlook on life.I got involved in the Basketball Association so that I could learn to cooperate with others.I participated in some other meaningful activities and benefited much from the participation.There is no denying that all of them could make me see things from different angles and have more reasonable insights into daily affairs. As far as I’m concerned, exposed to the surrounding settings，I gradually felt at home. Just as the old saying goes,“No pains，no gains.”Now I can behave perfectly at university.Furthermore，because I was on a tight budget，I took up a position as a tutor to cover my daily expenses and tuition fees，which cost an arm and a leg.Now my ambition is to become an advisor for exchange studentsto broaden my global perspective and improve my competence. Among so many applicants, I believe that I am qualified for the job because I have firm determination.Whatever the outcome is，I’ll sincerely side with the school’s decision. In summary，now I am confident in my expectation of setting up my own firm in the future. 词根 recall adaptation presentation messenger edition qualify 同义词? complicated remind educator join in / take part in include quote feel at ease recall n.记起 adaptation n.适应 presentation n.陈述 messenger n.信使 edition n.一期 qualification n.资格 call (v.呼唤） adapt (v. 适应) present (v.呈现) message (n.信) edit (v.编辑) qualify (v.使合格) 同义词 complicated remind educator join in / take part in include quote feel at ease complex adj.复杂的 recall v.使想起 tutor n.导师 participate in 参加 involve v.包含 cite v.引用 feel at home 舒服自在 complex recall You’ll never get a good job if you don’t have any qualifications. The guides are qualified to lead groups into the mountains. There is no doubt that he has qualifications to do the work. be qualified for / to do 有资格做…… have (no) qualifications for / to do(doing) sth. （没）有（做）某事的资格 I have qualifications to be a volunteer in the event. 2.我有资格成为这项活动的一名志愿者。 Having studied computer lessons is an important qualification for the job. 3.学习过计算机课程是获得这份工作的一个重要条件。 The reasons why I’m qualified for the position are as follows. 4.我能胜任这个职位的原因如下。 In front of the Chinese side, the United States doesn’t have the qualifications to say that it wants to speak to China from a position of strength. 1.你们(美国)没有资格在中国的面前说,你们是从实力的地位出发同中国谈话。 话题写作之申请信 A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan. 燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。 ambition 源自拉丁语 ambitio （四处奔走），词根amb表示“走”，救护车 ambulance 原义就是四处走的医院。 原指古代政客四处奔走发表演说拉选票的行为。政客拉选票是为了实现自己的政治抱负，所以 ambition 引申出“野心、政治抱负” ，原本含有贬义，但现在已经变成中性词，既可以指“野心”，也可以指“雄心、志向”。 We have had to adapt quickly to the new system. It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings. Three of her novels have been adapted for television. Gone With the Wind is an American romance film adapted from the novel of the same name. adapt (oneself) to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事=adjust be adapted for 被改编成 be adapted from 被改编自 They had enough money to live in comfort in their old age. A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort. For some people, an animal provides more comfort than a husband or wife. My teacher comforted me, saying “Don’t worry. You can do better next time. comfort zone 舒适区 in comfort 舒适地 be a comfort to sb 对某人来说是个安慰 身体、生活上的舒适 心理上的舒适 名词动词化 抽象名词具体化 1.就我个人而言，在寒冷的夜晚喝杯热牛奶真是一种安慰。 2.看到我对这一幕感到不舒服，父亲站了起来，走近我，把我抱在怀里，用鼓舞人心的话语温柔地安慰我。 As far as I am concerned，drinking a cup of hot milk on a cold night is a real comfort. Seeing I was uncomfortable with the scene, my father rose to his feet， approached me and gathered me into his arms , gently comforting me with inspiring words. 读后续写之场景描写 tutor cite 1.  Jack didn’t participate in the game as a result of his illness. 2. Everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions. 3. Thank you for your participation. We call for all students to participate in Clean Plate Campaign. 1.我们呼吁所有学生参与“光盘行动”。 All participants will gather at the school gate at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning. 2.所有参加者明天早上8点在校门口集合。(写作—) 话题写作之通知 话题写作之倡议书 participate (in) 参与/参加活动、讨论等，指以一个积极的角色参加。 通常可以和take part (in)/join in互换，但participate (in)更正式 join 指加入某党派、组织、社会团体或军队成为其中的一员； 表示参与某种活动(宾语是活动) 加入某人/与某人一道(宾语是人)join sb. for sth. /in doing sth. join in 通常指参加某种小型活动，尤指和其他人一起参加某项活动。常用于join in (doing) sth. take part (in) 尤指参加群众性的、有组织的活动、会议、劳动、游行等，参加者往往持有积极的态度，在活动中起一定的作用 attend 侧重参加或出席会议、婚礼、葬礼、学术活动等，也可以指上学、去教堂等 Over half the students of this class the sports meet. You're most welcome to us if you feel so disposed. She listens but she never . The officer refused to let his men the operation. Unfortunately, I won't be able to the meeting. participate in /join in /take part in join joins in/takes part in/participates in take part in attend present birthday / Christmas / wedding presents I’ve decided to live in the present and not spend my life regretting the past or dreading the future. the present difficulties / problems / situation It's necessary that you should be present at the meeting. There were 200 people present at the meeting. The Grammy Awards are presented every year in the music industry in the United States. We presented three options to the Students’ Union for discussion. Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. The EXIT signs could not be seen clearly, which presented potential safety issues. The theater company presents a new production of King Lear. make a short presentation the presentation of a new play the presentation ceremony 做一个简短的介绍 新戏的上演 颁奖仪式 颁发；授予；赠送 提出；呈递 呈现 授予；颁发 present v presentation n 招致；带来 上演；推出 呈上 （基本义） present1 把奖品、礼物等“呈上” 把报告、论文等“呈上” 把形象、信息等“呈上” 把问题、挑战、困难等“呈上” 把节目“呈上” 介绍；报告；展示 I feel greatly honoured to give a presentation about the Mid-Autumn Festival，one of the most important Chinese traditional festivals. 我很荣幸能给大家介绍中秋节，这是中国最重要的传统节日之一。 话题写作之传统文化 It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye． His father engaged a tutor to motivate him to improve his maths. What shocked us was that he was engaged to Mary，although they always quarreled with each other． Only 10% of American adults engage in regular exercise. engage sb to do sth　　 聘请某人做某事 be engaged in 参加；忙于 engage in （使）从事；参与 be engaged to 与……订婚 使某人“加入”活动 使注意力“加入” 使某人“加入”工作 （使）参加；（使）参与 吸引（住） 雇用；聘请 （使）加入 基本义 engage 30 1.尽管你忙于你的学习，你也应该抽出一些时间来参加户外运动。 2.上周举办了一场旨在增强我们的传统文化意识的活动，这引起了很多关注。 An activity aimed at strengthening our sense of traditional culture was held last week, which engaged a lot of attention. Although (you are) engaged in your study, you should set aside some time to engage (yourself) in outdoor activities 话题写作之建议信 话题写作之活动报道 本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin, 1706 — 1790)，美国政治家, 美国独立战争时期的重要领导人之一。同时他也是一位物理学家，发明了避雷针， 最早提出 电荷守恒 定律。 32 这是一句教育名言，有人说它出自本杰明•富兰克林，更多的人认为它是一句荀子经典语录的英文版。你能把这个句子翻译成中文吗？ 荀子 involve 不闻不如闻之，闻之不如见之，见之不如知之，知之不如行之；学至于行之而止矣。行之，明也。 ——《荀子·儒效》 32 As well as studying hard，I've been involved in social activities. Our school encourages students to involve themselves in the reading activity，which can broaden their horizons. The test will involve answering questions about a photograph. If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their positions. As far as I know，the involvement of the foreign ministers was itself a sign of progress. involve (doing) sth 包含；需要(做)某事 involve oneself in sth 参加…… be/get involved in参与；卷入；与……有关联；专注于 1. 上周末，我参加了一个志愿活动，内容是在一家托儿所照顾老人。 Last weekend，I participated in a voluntary activity which involved caring for old people in a nursery home. 2.得知你们欢迎来自不同国家的学生，我想参加这次夏令营。 Learning that you welcome students from different countries，I’d like to involve myself in/be involved in the summer camp. 话题写作之活动报道 话题写作之申请信 含有up的短语动词 speak up 大声说 up grow up 成熟；长成 cheer up （使）振作起来 break up 破碎；破裂 burn up 烧毁；烧尽 turn up 开大；调高 set up 建立；创立 cut up 切碎；割碎 put up 举起；抬高 1. up表示“向上 / 向高处移动”：___________________________ 2. up表示示“完全 / 彻底”：________________________ 3. up表示“成碎片或分成几部分”：_______________________ 3. up表示“（数量、程度等）增加 / 上升：_____________________ grow up, set up, put up eat up, burn up break up, cut up eat up 吃完；耗尽 speak up, turn up, cheer up It was the first time that she had left China. “It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/...time (that)＋过去完成时” “It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/...time (that)＋现在完成时” 某人第一/第二/……次……” It is/was (about/high) time that...should do sth/did sth =It is/was (about/high) time for sb to do sth 到了……做某事的时间了 “There was a time when...＋过去完成时” 曾经有一段时间…… (1)这是他第一次离家，这可能解释了他深深的思乡之情。 It is the first time that he has left home，which may account for his deep homesickness. (2)这是双胞胎第一次为母亲准备早餐，因此他们既激动又紧张。 This was the first time that the twins had prepared, a breakfast for their mother, so they were excited and nervous. (2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) (3)到了政府应该采取有效措施保护野生动物免于灭绝的时候了。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ——————————————————————————————— (4)我还记得有一段时间，我对与大自然有关的一切都很着迷。 I still remember ________________________________________________ _______. It is high time for the government to take effective measures to protect wildlife from extinction. It is high time that the government should take/took effective measures to protect wildlife from extinction. there was a time when I was crazy about everything with nature 随堂检测 qualification 一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. This man was not _______________ (qualify) to drive and was speeding. 2. He was a poor performer at school and left with no ______________ (qualify). 3. None of the candidates met the basic qualifications __________ the position. 4. She wanted to improve her English so she could qualify ______ a translator. 5. At the age of 16, he qualified _____ a place at the university of North Carolina. 二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。 1. In this job, experience counts for more than ___________________（文凭）. 2. Too many students leave school without any __________________________ _____________（学历）. for educational / academic qualifications qualified paper qualifications qualifications for as ambition & ambitious 根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。 1. 我的志向是当律师。(ambition) __________________________________________________________ 2. 如果你努力，你的抱负是可以实现的。(achieve one’s ambition) __________________________________________________________ 3. 攀登珠穆朗玛峰是我的夙愿。(ambition to do sth) It has always been _________________________ Mount Qomolangma. 4. 她终于达到目的，成为了一名电影导演。(ambition) __________________________________________________________ 5. 有抱负的学生才能取得最好的成绩。(ambitious) __________________________________________________________ My ambition is to be a lawyer. You will achieve your ambition if you work hard. my ambition to climb She at last achieved her ambition to be / of being a film director. Only ambitious students can get the best marks. 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1.They had enough money to live in comfort in their old age. ___________ 2. Whenever he was upset, he would turn to her for comfort and advice. ___________ 3. The hotel has all modern comforts. ___________ 4. Within hours of the news, Helen arrived to comfort her heartbroken friend. ___________ 二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The children have been __________ great comfort to me through all of this. 2. The new shoes are not very ____________ (comfort). 舒舒服服地 安慰 舒适设施 安慰 comfort comfortable a 42 participate 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. We encourage students to participate fully __________ the running of the college. 2. Details of the competition are available at all ____________ (participate) stores. 3. It would be encouraging to see _____________ (participate) by all age groups. 4. She’s a regular _____________ (participate) in the show. participating participation in participant 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. I’ll tell her as soon as the opportunity presents itself. ________ 2. You will be asked to present yourself for interview. ________ 3. I was presented to the Queen in 1964. ________ 4. The Main Street Theater Company is presenting Shakespeare’s Othello next month. ________ 5. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented. （2014 浙江 ） ________ 6. Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium.（2014 北京） ________ 出现 展示自己 引见 上演 提供 出示 present & presentation 7. I’m going to ask each of you to make a short presentation. ________ 8. The presentation of prizes began after the speeches. ________ 9. The sales manager will give a presentation of the new products. ________ 10. Club members will be admitted on presentation of their membership cards. ________ 作一个简短的介绍 颁奖 举行新产品推介会 出示 engage 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. They never learned skills to engage the attention of the others. __________ 2. The company has engaged two male dancers from the Bolshoi（莫斯科大剧院）. __________ 3. Those who engaged in no physical activity were 26 percent more likely to have symptoms of depression 3 years later than those who exercise regularly. （2014 上海） __________ 吸引 参加 / 参与 雇用 二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. A study shows the students who are __________ (engage) in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.（2019 天津） 2. They tried to engage him __________ conversation. 3. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our __________ (engage) with that person will decline（减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”. 4. She is engaged __________ an actor. 5. He showed me just how much one can gain from a willingness to engage __________ locals from all walks of life.（2024 浙江改） to engagement in engaged with 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1.Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.（2014 福建） ___________ 2. Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending quite a lot of time with students.（2013 福建） ___________ 3. “Genius” is a complicated concept, involving many different factors.（2012 上海） ___________ 4. Many stories involve some kind of conflict or danger. ___________ 参加 需要 涉及 与……有关 involve 48 二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。 1. Parents should ___________________（参与）their child’s education. 2. More than 100 people _______________（参与）the project. 3. I was so __________________（全神贯注看书）that I didn’t hear you knock. 4. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress ____________ （与……有关）various events.（2016 上海） involve themselves in were involved in involved in my book is involved in 49 messenger edition culture shock zone 地区：region, district overwhelming An overwhelming sense of frustration gripped me. She was overwhelmed by/ with sorrow. adj. 无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的 be overwhelmed by/ with 充满... 1.Harry 心中充满思乡之情。 2.看到发生的一切，妈妈充满了焦虑和恐惧，她放下手机，立刻向我走来。 Harry was overwhelmed by/with a feeling of homesickness. Upon seeing what had happened, overwhelmed with anxiety and fear, mom laid down her phone and approached towards me in a flash. 3.他高兴极了，跳起来，兴奋地绕着树跑。 Overwhelmed with gaiety, he jumped up and ran excitedly around the tree. homesickness carsick airsick seasick lovesick 晕车的 晕机的 晕船的 相思病的 phrases about “home” home-cooked meal home bird home page home leave home-made homecoming home school home truth too delighted to be homesick East, west, home is the best. The lights are on, but nobody’s home. 家常菜 宅人 网站主页 探亲假 自制的 返校日 孩子不去学校，在家教 老生常谈 金窝银窝，不如自己的狗窝。 心不在焉 乐不思蜀 Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved in voluntary work. After every run I feel fitter, happier and more motivated to keep progressing. Escape can be a strong motivation for travel. These methods can help improve / increase students’ motivation and interest. 词源解读： mot (to move 移动) + -ive (名词后缀) + -ate (动词后缀：使) → 使移动、有动机 → 激励 [U] 动力；积极性 [C] 动机；诱因 motivate sb to do 激励某人做某事 improve / increase one’s motivation 增强学习动力 (1)我被他们的毅力和决心所鼓舞，这激励着我更有信心地追求自己的目标。 I was inspired by their perseverance and determination, which motivated me to pursue my own goals with more confidence. (2)因此，不用说，正是这句座右铭给了我动力和鼓励。 Therefore, it goes without saying that it is this motto that brings me motivation and encouragement. 词根 前缀 / 后缀 单词 派生词   mot   pro- (向前 forward) promote v 促进；晋升 promotion n 促进；晋升 re- (向后、往回 back) remote adj 遥远的 -ive motive n 动机 motivate v 激励 motivated adj 积极的；主动的 motivation n 积极性；动机 -or motor n 发动机； -ion motion n 运动；动 e- (外 out); -ion emotion n 感情；情绪 emotional adj 情绪 (上)的； mot词根 从上表中可以看出，词根mot意为“动 / 移动 (move)”，由该词根构成的词大多含有此义。 = consultant advisor (also -ser) reasonable 1. The boy got good grades and lived up to his parents' expectations. 2. Our success was far beyond our expectations. 3. (2022新高考卷续写)As expected, David finished his run as usual long after others, but he earned respect with every student. 4. The meeting is expected to last three days. 5. I didn’t expect him to become a successful writer. live up to/meet one's expectations 达到/不辜负某人的期望 beyond/out of one's expectation(s ) 出乎意料 As expected 正如所料；不出所料 be expected to do sth. 被期望做某事；预计...... (1) 尽管在比赛中意外摔倒，他还是一跃而起，冲向终点线。 (2)本周六美术馆将举办一场中国剪纸展,预计将从早上8点开始，持续约4个小时。 In spite of an unexpected fall during the race, he jumped to his feet and dashed towards the finish line. There will be a Chinese paper-cutting show this Saturday in the art gallery，which is expected to last about four hours from 8：00 am. (读后续写之动作描写) (应用文写作之通知) an application form 申请表 apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物 apply...to ... 把...应用于... apply oneself to doing sth 专心于做某事 1.They have applied the new technology to farming. 2. She applied herself to learning the piano. applicant n. 申请人 I hold the firm belief that if you continue to study hard, you will make great progress in English sooner or later. hold the firm belief that... = firmly hold the belief that... 坚信... firm n. 公司；商行；事务所 adj. 结实的；牢固的；坚定的 =company =solid/concrete Many people hold the firm belief that the cure for cancer will be found one day. 翻译：我坚信，只要你继续努力学习，你迟早会在英语方面取得显著进步。 暴露在阳光下 揭露内幕 使面临 / 遭受 使接触 expose 1. Exposing yourself to English as much as possible is the instrument of learning it well. 2. Being exposed to the sunlight for too much time will make you get sunburnt. 3. Exposed to light , the birds become more active. ①expose oneself to...使自己面临……;使自己暴露于…… ②be exposed to 暴露于; (使)接触到 用 expose 相关形式填空 expose 语义网络图 使被隐藏或遮盖的事物“显露” 使某人或某事物坏的方面“显露” 使某人或某物“暴露”于险境等 使某人“暴露”于新的机会或体验 使暴露；使显露 揭露；揭发 使面临；使处于……的作用 / 影响之下 使接触；使体验 expose 使显露；使暴露 基本义 暴露；显露 揭露；揭发 接触；体验 expose exposure (1)因为从小接触中国画，所以我可以让游客更多地了解中国画。 Having been exposed to Chinese paintings since my childhood, I can get visitors know more about them. (2)绿草如茵的草原上还有一条细细的河，袒露在阳光下，远远看去，像一条发光的银项链。 (3)我接触到不同类型的书:侦探小说，爱情故事，诗歌，寓言等等。 The grassy grassland also has a thin river, exposed to the sun, far away, like a shiny silver necklace.  I was exposed to different types of books: detective stories, love stories, poems, fables and so on. Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. insight into 对......的深刻见解 a writer of great insight departure depart from 离开 department n.部门 Rome is the perfect setting for romance. short stories with a contemporary setting The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains. setting 翻译：橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。 1. He grasped my hand and shook it warmly. 2. We should grasp the opportunities of the nation’s new round of opening-up. 3. The idea of a parallel universe is hard to grasp. 4. He has a good grasp of German grammar. 5. He held my hand in a friendly grasp. grasp a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会 have a good grasp/command of sth. 很好地掌握 grasp 抓住 （基本义） 紧紧“抓住”人 / 物 “抓住”抽象事物 抓住；紧握 grasp语义网络图 v n 紧抓；紧握；控制 理解；领会 理解；领会 76 2. The announcement had a dramatic effect on house prices. a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement dramatic adj. 巨大的；突然的；急剧的；喜剧（般）的 dramatically adv.戏剧性地；引人注目地；显著地；剧烈地 drama n.戏剧 3. Prices have fallen dramatically. I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for. “疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。 在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。 why或why not后加不定式时，省略不定式符号to。 whether后可接不定式，而if后不可以。 (1)由于他们流露出极强的兴趣，我开始教他们如何泡中国茶。 With their interest greatly sparked，I began to teach them how to make Chinese tea. (2)如果你能给我们一些如何改进机器人的建议，我会感激不尽的。 I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots. (应用文写作之征求建议) (3)David 闭着眼睛，咬着嘴唇，皱着眉头，考虑着他是否应该参加越野赛。 David squeezed his eyes，bit his lips and frowned，thinking about whether to participate in the cross-country run or not. (4)为何不参加讨论小组，以便你能找到志同道合的朋友呢？ Why not join discussion groups so that you can find friends with similar interests? (2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) (应用文写作之建议信) Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. 状语从句的省略有两种形式： 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时， 可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 ② 当从句中含有“it＋be动词”时，可将it和be动词省略。 ①作为交换生在国外学习期间，我经历了巨大的文化冲击。 While studying abroad as an exchange student, I experienced overwhelming culture shock. ②如果可能的话，我们要把我们一直渴望的旅行推迟到下星期六吗？如果不方便，请告诉我什么时间最适合你。 If (it’s) possible shall we put off our trip we have been longing for until next Saturday? If (it’s) not convenient，let me know what time suits you best. ③如果(我)被录用，我将致力于为我们公司的发展做出贡献。 If (I am) accepted，I will devote myself to making contributions to the development of our firm. 随堂检测 抽象名词 比起中文来，英文不但富于抽象名词，也喜欢用抽象名词。——余光中 行为抽象名词 由动词派生而来的抽象名词叫作行为抽象名词。 写出下列单词的名词形式。 v n participate motivate expect expose depart adapt qualify participation motivation expectation exposure departure adaptation qualification 根据所给汉语及提示，用下列抽象名词的词块完成下列句子。 1. Even a brief __________________________ （暴露于）radiation is very dangerous. 2. They had received no news of him since his __________________________ （离开家乡）. 3. She was responsible for __________________________ （改编这本小说） into a stage play. 4. We are looking forward to your active __________________________ （参与）voluntary work. 5. A victory in this game will __________________________ （使他们获得资格）for the World Cup. (earn) exposure to departure from his hometown earn them qualification the adaptation of the novel participation in participation, motivation, expectation, exposure, departure, adaptation, qualification 英语中的metaphor（隐喻）来源于希腊语 metaphora，该词由meta- (over) 和 pherein (to carry) 合成，合起来意思是 to carry over（拿过来）。 隐喻的本质是用一种事物来理解另一种事物，并且多是参照熟悉的、有形的、具体的事物来认识和表达无形的、抽象的事物。 隐喻是一种思维方式，无处不在，它是多义词产生词义的主要理据。建立隐喻思维能更好地理解和掌握由基本义到衍生义这一思维。 隐喻 metaphor 选择性必修B2U1 —— B2U2典型词 单词 基本义 比喻义 cast a shadow (选必B2U1) 投射影子 蒙上一层阴影 belt (选必 B2U2) 腰带 地带 / 地区 depress (选必 B2U2) 按下 使抑郁 / 沮丧 angle (选必 B2U2) 角 角度 / 观点 grasp (选必 B2U2) 抓住 理解 / 领悟 expose (选必 B2U2) 露出 揭露 recall (选必 B2U2) 召回 召回（残损货品等）；回忆起 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. After every run I feel fitter, happier and more __________ (motivate) to keep progressing. 2. He is intelligent enough but he lacks __________ (motivate). 3. Her motivation __________ writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.（2014 湖北改） 4. The plan is designed to motivate employees __________ (work) more efficiently. motivate motivated motivation for to work 89 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1.I’ve made a living looking for the best deals and exposing the worst tricks.（2013 全国） ___________ 2. Children exposed to multiple languages may be better natural communicators. ___________ 3. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is forbidden, especially if you are a woman.（2014 重庆） ___________ 4. Many people in China have limited exposure to English. （2021 浙江） ___________ 揭露 使接触 / 使体验 使暴露 / 使显露 expose & exposure 接触 90 一、根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。 1. No one grasped the concepts, except for Joe.（2013 重庆） _________ 2. She grasped the rope and pulled herself up. _________ 二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。 1. She has __________________（对……很好的理解）the subject. 2. We must _______________________（抓住每次机会）if we are going to succeed. grasp 理解；领会 抓住 a good grasp of grasp every opportunity expense 92 要留意细小的开支。小洞沉大船。 千里之堤，溃于蚁穴 expense expensive adj. inexpensive adj. at the expense of (environment/nature)… 以……为代价；在牺牲……的情况下 household/family/daily expenses 家庭/日常开支 spare no expense (to do/ in )sth 不惜代价 1. The garden was transformed at great expense . 2. Running a car is a big expense. 3. We were taken out for a meal at the company's expense. 1.他不惜花巨资为父亲买了一件礼物。 He spared no expense in selecting a book for his father. 2.为使比赛成功多大代价都在所不惜。 No expense was spared to make the competition a success. 3.他以自己的健康为代价建立起这个企业。 He built up the business at the expense of his health. cost an arm and a leg 96 be all fingers and thumbs 笨手笨脚 see eye to eye 看法一致 be all ears 洗耳恭听 have a nose for doing sth. 善于发现某事物 live hand-to-mouth 勉强糊口 foot the bill 付帐 on the tip of tongue 在嘴边 all ears and all eyes 聚精会神 tremendous tremendous=enormous=huge=giant 巨大的 突然一声巨响,整个房间都晃动了。 Suddenly, there was a tremendous bang, and the whole room shook. 98 behave 99 behave well/badly ­behaved adj. 表现好/差的 behavio(u)r n. 举止；行为 behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 behave as if/though... 表现得好像…… 1. The doctor behaved very unprofessionally. 2. He behaved as if nothing had happened. 3. I want you to behave yourselves while I'm away. 想到那个年轻人的行为，他意识到那个年轻人可能就是银行抢劫犯。 Thinking of the way the young man had behaved,he realized the young man might be the bank robber. 他请求父亲原谅他的不良行为。 He begged his father to forgive him for his bad behaviour. 举止得体是与人相处的秘诀。 Behaving well is the secret of getting on well with others. surroundings 103 surrounding 104 surroundings the surrounding area/cities 周围的地区/城市 surround…with… 以……环绕/包围…… be surrounded by/with…被……包围/环绕 1. When the car stopped in the town square, it was surrounded by soldiers and militiamen. 2. The surrounding countryside is windswept and rocky. 3. She felt uneasy in the unfamiliar surroundings. 1.尽管我们周围都是现代科技,但我们可能很容易感到孤独。 Though surrounded with/by modern technologies, we can easily feel lonely. 2.这些房屋似乎与周围的景色融为一体了。 The houses seem to blend in with the surrounding scenery. 3.在人群的包围下，我的喉咙紧得像被一块石头卡住了一样，说不出一个字。 With the crowd surrounding us, my throat was tightening as if a rock were stuck in it and couldn’t utter a single word. 4.她开心地唱着，用天真的、好奇的眼睛打量着周围的环境。 Singly happily, she gazed her surroundings with innocent and curious eyes. (写作—科技的利弊) (读后续写—环境描写) mature 107 depress 将（某物）压下；推下；拉下 1. depress a button 2. The loss of his hearing deeply depressed Beethoven. 3. Several factors combined to depress the housing market. 4. Don’t get depressed about the spilt milk. 5. get into a state of depression 6. His family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early. depress depress vt.使沮丧= discourage v.使灰心 向下压 depress （基本义） “向下压”物体 “向下压”情绪 将（某物）压下；推下；拉下 使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉 “向下压”经济 使萧条；削弱 1. 沮丧又无助,Alice突然大哭。 Depressed and helpless, Alice burst into tears. 2. 他垂头丧气地走在队伍的最后。 Depressed and low-spirited, he walked at the end of the line with his head dropping. 3. 那是七月下旬的一天，阴沉而沉闷，乌云低垂。 It was a day in late July, grey and depressing, with dark clouds hanging low. 4.沮丧像一团沉重的乌云笼罩着他，泪水涌上了他的眼眶 Depression hung over him like a heavy dark cloud and tears welled up in his eyes. boom Baby boomer 生育高峰期出生的人 gloom and doom 悲观失望 同义：flourish v.繁荣，昌盛 113 deny vt. 否认；拒绝 deny doing sth. 否认做某事 There is no denying that …不可否认… There is no denying that Taiwan is a part of our motherland. strength short →shorten broad →broaden wide →widen deep →deepen quick →quicken sharp →sharpen 拓展归纳 形容词后面加上后缀-en可变为动词，这些词变为动词后具有“使变得……” strengthen vi.& vt.加强;增强;巩固 strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势 build up one’s strength 增加体力 have the strength to do sth. 有力气做某事 with all one’s strength 用尽某人全身的力气 1. I didn’t have the strength to get out of bed. 2. Ron’s main strength is his ability to encourage his players. 3. The team has been strengthened by the arrival of two new players. 1. 我热衷于篮球，因为篮球是促进身心健康的有效方法。 I’m enthusiastic about basketball because it presents an effective way to strengthen my health both mentally and physically. 2. 脸涨得通红，他开始焦急地跺着地面，只会使他更加绝望‍‍。 Face flushed, he began to anxiously stamp the ground, only to strengthen his despair‍‍. 3. 父亲的爱就像阳光,给我带来坚定和热情,使我的意志更坚强。 My father's love is like the sunshine, which brings me firmness and enthusiasm so that my will is strengthened. 4.但沉浸在竞争的气氛中,他精神高涨,感到内心突然有了力量 Bathed in a competitive atmosphere, he was in high spirits and felt a sudden strength inside him. strength, force, energy & power strength 人的体力，力气，强度等。承受重物的力量 force 武力；暴力；力量：人或事物撞击所用的力，forces：兵力，军队 energy 人的精力，活力 power 人的某种能力；机器的动力；人、国家或某个机构的权力。 optimistic gain 120 gain 1.Just as the old saying goes,“No pains,no gains.” 2.If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 3.Her talent and hard work gained her success as an artist. No pains, no gains. A fall into a pit（陷阱）, a gain in your wit（机智）. gain sth by/from...从……中获益 gain other’s respect/trust 获得别人的尊敬/信任 gain “获得”某物 钟表等“获得”时间 “获得”益处 “获得”体重、信心等 （使）获得；赢得 获（益） 增加 （钟、表等走得）快 获得 gain （基本义） 好处；利益；利润 增加 v n perspective 123 competent 能胜任： be qualified for sth. be suitable for sth. be fit for sth. be up to sth. be equal to sth. be capable of (doing) sth. 124 envoy 125 cooperate 126 cooperate cooperate with sb.与某人合作 1. The two groups agreed to cooperate with each other. 2. We would like to see closer cooperation between parents and schools. 3. Cooperative activity is essential to effective community work. 4. They agreed to work cooperatively to ease tensions wherever possible. angle angle n. 角 triangle n. 三角形 angel n. 天使 128 我感到一阵恐慌，用力按住桌子并转动头部试图找到正确的角度，但无济于事。 I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle, but it was no use. outlook 1. a bright outlook for commerce 2. He is a man with an optimistic outlook on life. 3. The hotel has a good outlook. 翻译：在我看来，通过做兼职工作，大学生可以获得一些社会经验，拓宽他们的视野。 In my opinion, by doing part-time jobs, college students can gain some society experience and broaden their outlook. initiative 131 in summary 总之: to sum up/in a word/all in all/in short/in brief/in conclusion 1. The following is a summary of events. 2. Can we summarize the problem from my point of view? 3. The sum of 7 and 12 is 19. 4. This is the sum of my achievements so far. budget 133 1. I side with you on this question. 2. I’m on your side at this point. 3. His body rocked from side to side with the train. 4. Don't ride side by side with your friends. side with 支持；站在...的一边 side against 反对 side effects 副作用 walk side by side 并肩而行 be on sb’s side 站在某人一边 logical 135 as far as I know 136 就我而言： in my opinion = in my view= from my point of view so / as far as 与…一样远；就……而言 as far as sth. is concerned 就某方面 / 某事而论 as / so far as I know 据我所知 far from 远非 so far 到目前为止 as far as the eye can see/reach 就视力所能及 as far as I can see 依我看来 generally speaking =in general “adv. + speaking”: honestly speaking 老实说 personally speaking 就个人而言 frankly speaking 坦白地说 exactly speaking 准确地说 strictly speaking 严格地讲 outcome 1. We are waiting to hear the final outcome of the negotiations. 2. All income must be declared. a weekly wage of ￡200 Teachers or doctors receive a salary that is paid each month. a rise in average earnings for factory workers 139 Rome When in Rome, do as the Romans do All roads lead to Rome. 140 the Belt and Road Initiative 141 暴露在完全陌生的环境中，我被一种孤独感淹没了。我如此沮丧，以至于我觉得自己好像被扔进了一个黑暗的世界。曾经有一段时间，我每天都以泪洗面。幸运的是，热心的同学们真诚地激励我抓住每一个机会参加集体活动，从中我收获了很多。 Exposed to the completely unfamiliar surroundings, I was overwhelmed by a sense of loneliness. So depressed was I that I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness. There was a time when I was bathed in tears every day. Luckily，the warm-hearted classmates sincerely motivated me to grasp every chance to participate in group activities, from which I gained a lot. 渐渐地，我不仅感到轻松自在，而且增强了信心。有了同学们支持和安慰我，我变得越来越乐观。我脸上露出了幸福的微笑。 Gradually ⑥ (倒装结构) but also I strengthened my confidence.⑦________________________________________________ (with的复合结构)，I became increasingly optimistic.A smile of happiness appeared on my face. not only did I feel at home With my classmates siding with me and comforting me 随堂检测 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. We live in a global village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.（2012 安徽） ______________ 2. She always behaves well when her aunts come to visit. ______________ 3. The social behaviour of dogs is similar to that of wolves. ______________ 4. I want you both to be on your best behaviour at Grandad’s. ______________ behave 举止规矩 表现 尽量举止得体 社交行为 145 depress 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. The thought of taking the exam again depressed him. ______________ 2. A war will depress the global economy. ______________ 3. High interest rates may depress share prices. ______________ 二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. She felt very __________ (depress) about the future. 2. Looking for a job these days can be very __________ (depress). 3. The patient is suffering from __________ (depress). depressed depressing depression 使沮丧 使萧条 降低 146 gain 一、用 gain 把下列汉语译成英语。 1. 获得信心 _________________ 2. 获得广泛的支持 ______________________ 3. 我的表快两分钟。______________________________ 4. 最近我胖了。___________________________ 二、将下列各句中的画线部分或句子译成汉语。 1. As American fast food gains acceptance in France, more and more French children are overweight.（2014 陕西） _______________ 2. I gained strength every time I said, “Yes, I’ll try that.”（2011 天津） _______________ 3. We all gained a lot from the experience. ___________________________________________________________ gain confidence I’ve gained weight recently. gain popular support My watch gains (by) two minutes. 得到认可 / 被接受 获得力量 我们都从这次经历中受益良多。 147 我能胜任这个职位的原因如下。 看到我对这一幕感到不舒服，父亲站了起来，走近我，把我抱在怀里，用鼓舞人心的话语温柔地安慰我。 我们呼吁所有学生参与“光盘行动” 我很荣幸能给大家介绍中秋节，这是中国最重要的传统节日之一。 上周举办了一场旨在增强我们的传统文化意识的活动，这引起了很多关注。 得知你们欢迎来自不同国家的学生，我想参加这次夏令营。 这是他第一次离家，这可能解释了他深深的思乡之情。 到了应该采取有效措施保护野生动物免于灭绝的时候了。 我还记得有一段时间，我对与大自然有关的一切都很着迷。 看到发生的一切，妈妈充满了焦虑和恐惧，她放下手机，立刻向我走来。 我被他们的毅力和决心所鼓舞，这激励着我更有信心地追求自己的目标。 因此，不用说，正是这句座右铭给了我动力和鼓励。 本周六美术馆将举办一场中国剪纸展,预计从早上8点开始，持续约4个小时。 1.适应(做)某事 2.对某人来说是个安慰 3.present ⑤ ② ① 4.engage ④ 5.grow up, set up, put up,grow up, set up, put up,break up, cut up,speak up, turn up, cheer up 6.不辜负某人的期望；出乎意料；正如所料；预计...... 7.申请表；申请某物； 把...应用于... ；专心于做某事 Tom精通英语，这使他能流利地和外国人交流。 橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。 我坚信，只要你继续努力学习，你迟早会在英语方面取得显著进步。 因为从小接触中国画，所以我可以让游客更多地了解中国画。 David 闭着眼睛，咬着嘴唇，皱着眉头，考虑着他是否应该参加越野赛。 如果可能的话，我们能把我们一直渴望的旅行推迟到下星期六吗？如果不方便，请告诉我什么时间最适合你。 为使比赛成功多大代价都在所不惜。 在人群的包围下，我的喉咙紧得像被一块石头卡住了一样，说不出一个字。 那是七月下旬的一天，阴沉而沉闷，乌云低垂。 沮丧像一团沉重的乌云笼罩着他，泪水涌上了他的眼眶 脸涨得通红，他开始焦急地跺着地面，只会使他更加绝望‍‍。 我紧紧地贴在桌子上，四处转动着头，试图找到合适的角度，但没有用. 在我看来，通过做兼职，大学生可以获得一些社会经验，拓宽他们的视野。 8.expose ④ 9. 对待某人好/差；守规矩；表现得体； 表现得好像…… 10.以……为代价；家庭/日常开支； 不惜代价 11.depress ③ 12.优势和劣势；增加体力；用尽某人全身的力气 13.outlook④ 14.side with；side against；side effects ；walk side by sidebe on sb’s side Lavf58.20.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 Lavf58.51.100 Lavf58.20.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 Lavf58.45.100 Lavf58.20.100 Lavf58.20.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 Lavf58.20.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $$