高中必修第三册译林版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 词汇精讲 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 republic/rIpAblik/n..共和国，共herb /h3b/n.药草，香草；草本postpone/p3'span/t.延迟，延 和政体 refer /ri'f3:(r)/to查阅，参考：提期 *malaria /ma'learia/n.疟疾 到，谈及 sufficient/sa'fnt/adj.足够的， deadly/'dedli/ad.致命的；十足experiment/ik'sperimant/n.实充足的 的，彻底的 验，试验；尝试，实践；i.做试data/'deta/n.数据，资料，材 survival /sa'varvl/n.生存，存活；验，进行实验；尝试 料 残存物，幸存事物 trial/'traral/n.试用，试验；审speed up(使)加速 province/'OrDVIS//n.省，省份讯，审判：考验：vi&t.测试，pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 broad /br:d/adj.广泛的；宽阔试验 error/'et(r)/n.错误，差错 的，广阔的；概括的：开阔的limited/'lmtd/adj.有限的 through trial and error反复试 intend/n'tend/vt.&vi.想要，计household/haushaold/adj.家庭验 划：意指 的，家用的，家务的：n.一家人，wisdom/'wizdam/n.智慧，知识， *extract/'ekstraekt/n.提取物，选家庭 学问：才智；明智 录：k'straekt//t.提取：选录：取container /ken'tena/n.容器：beneficial/benr'fi/adj.有益 出：设法得到 集装箱，货柜 的，有用的 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.republic /rI'pAblik/n.共和国，共和政体 词汇变形 形容词形式：republican(共和国的；共和党人) 构词解析 前缀re-:表“再、重新”；词根publ-:意为“人民”(public同源)：后缀-ic:构成名词或形容词。 同类词：democracy(民主政体)←demo-（人民)+-cracy(统治) 例句 The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949 真题链接（译林版高中必修三同步练习） The US is a_country with a president as its head.(答案：republican) 2.deadly/'dedli//ad.致命的；十足的，彻底的 高中必修第三册译林版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 词汇变形 名词形式：death(死亡)：动词形式：die(死亡) 构词解析 后缀-ly:加在名词death后构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”（此处不同于副词后缀-y)。 同类词：friendly(友好的)、lively(活泼的) 例句 This kind of poison is deadly to both humans and animals. 真题链接（译林版高中必修三教材例句) Malaria was once a deadly disease in many parts of the world. 3.survival/sa'varvl/n.生存，存活：残存物，幸存事物 词汇变形 动词形式：survive(幸存，存活)：形容词形式：survivable(可存活的) 构词解析 前缀sur-:表“超过、在…之上”；词根viv:意为“生命”（如vivid“生动的”）：后缀-al:构成 名词，表“动作、状态”。 例句 The survival of the team depends on their ability to work together. 真题链接（译林版高中必修三同步练习）》 After the earthquake,only a few people(survival).(答案：survived) 4.province/'prDvins/,n.省，省份 词汇变形 形容词形式：provincial(省的：地方性的) 构词解析 前缀pro-:表“向前、公开”；词根vinc-:意为“征服”（如victory“胜利”）：后缀-ce:构成名词。 例句 Jiangsu is a province in eastern China 真题链接（译林版高中必修三单元测试) The government has taken measures to protect the local environment.(provincial) 5.intend/m'tend/t.&vi.想要，计划：意指 词汇变形 名词形式：intention(意图，目的)：形容词形式：intentional(故意的) 构词解析 前缀in-:表“向内、进入”；词根tend-:意为“伸展、趋向”（如tend“倾向于”）；后缀-tion:构 成名词，-al构成形容词。 固定搭配：intend to do sth.(打算做某事) 例句 She intends to study medicine at university. 真题链接（译林版高中必修三同步练习） His (intend)was to help,but he only made things worse.(答案：intention) 2 高中必修第三册译林版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 6.extract/'ekstraekt/n.提取物，选录；/ik'straekt//vt.提取；选录：取出 词汇变形 名词形式：extraction(提取：拔出) 构词解析 前缀ex-:表“向外、脱离”；词根tract-:意为“拉、拖”（如attract“吸引”）；后缀-ion:构成名词。 例句 The medicine is made from a natural extract of herbs. 真题链接（译林版高中必修三阅读填空) Scientists spent years trying to (extract)the active ingredient from the plant.(extract) 7.experiment/k'sperimant//n.实验，试验；vi.做试验，进行实验 词汇变形 形容词形式：experimental(实验性的)：名词形式：experimenter(实验者) 构词解析 前缀ex-:表“出、向外”；词根peri-:意为“尝试”；后缀-ment:构成名词，-al构成形容词。 固定搭配：do an experiment(做实验) 例句 They are experimenting with new methods to improve crop yields. 真题链接（译林版高中必修三单元测试） The results showed that the new drug was effective.(experimental) 8.limited/lmtd/adj.有限的 词汇变形 动词形式：limit(限制)：名词形式：limit(限度，限制)：反义词：unlimited(无限的) 构词解析 前缀unm-:表否定（反义词前缀)：词根limit-:意为“界限”；后缀-ed:构成形容词，表“被…的”。 例句 Our time for the project is limited,so we need to work efficiently. 真题链接（译林版高中必修三同步练习) We must (limited)the amount of time we spend on social media.(答案：limit) 9.household/'haushauld/adj.家庭的，家用的：n.一家人，家庭 词汇变形 动词形式：house(给…提供住处)：名词形式：householder(户主) 构词解析 复合词：house（房屋)+hold(持有，容纳)，字面意为“容纳一家人的地方”。 例句 This product is designed for household use. 真题链接（译林版高中必修三阅读真题） The income has increased by 10%in the past year.(答案：household) l0.sufficient/sa'fint/adj.足够的，充足的 3 高中必修第三册译林版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 词汇变形 名词形式：sufficiency(充足，足量)；副词形式：sufficiently(足够地) 构词解析 前缀suf.(=sub-):表“在…下面、充分”；词根fic-:意为“做、完成”（如efficient“高效的”）： 后缀-ent:构成形容词，-ency构成名词。 例句 We have sufficient evidence to prove his innocence. 真题链接（译林版高中必修三同步练习) Make sure you have(sufficient)time to prepare for the exam.(sufficient) 11.error/era)/n.错误，差错 词汇变形 动词形式：er(犯错，较少用)：形容词形式：erroneous(错误的) 构词解析 前缀r-:表“离开、偏离”：后缀-0：构成名词，表“行为、状态”。 固定搭配：make an error(犯错误) 例句 The computer program has an error that needs to be fixed. 真题链接（译林版高中必修三单元测试） The report contains several(error),so it needs to be revised.(errors) 12.wisdom/wIzdam/n.智慧，知识，学问；才智 词汇变形 形容词形式：wise(明智的，有智慧的)：副词形式：wisely(明智地) 构词解析 后缀-do:加在形容词后构成抽象名词，表“状态、性质”。 同类词：freedom(自由)、kingdom(王国) 例句 Her grandmother's wisdom has helped her through many difficulties 真题链接（译林版高中必修三教材例句) It takes years to gain wisdom and experience. l3.beneficial/benr'f/adj.有益的，有用的 词汇变形 名词形式：benefit(益处，好处)：动词形式：benefit(有益于) 构词解析 前缀bene-:表“好、善”；词根fic-:意为“做”；后缀-ial:构成形容词。 固定搭配：be beneficial to(对…有益) 例句 Regular exercise is beneficial to both physical and mental health 真题链接（译林版高中必修三同步练习） Reading widely can (beneficial)your vocabulary development..(答案：benefit) 4 高中必修第三册译林版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The People's. (共和国)of China was founded in 1949. 7.Malaria was once a (致命的)disease in many parts of the world 8.The (of the team depends on their ability to work together. 9.Jiangsu is a (省)in eastern China. 10.We have (足够的)evidence to prove his innocence. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The US is a(republic)country with a president as its head. 7.After the earthquake,only a few people(survival) 8.His (intend)was to help,but he only made things worse 9.Scientists spent years trying to(extract)the active ingredient from the plant. 10.The report contains several (error),so it needs to be revised. 11.Reading widely can(beneficial)your vocabulary development. 12.The (experiment)results showed that the new drug was effective. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1. government has taken measures to protect the local environment. 2.她打算在大学里学习医学。 She medicine at university. 3.定期锻炼对身心健康都有益。 Regular exercise both physical and mental health. 4.团队的生存取决于他们的合作能力。 The the team depends on their ability to work together. 四、语篇填空 J 高中必修第三册译林版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 China is a (republic)country with 34(province).In some areas,malaria was once a (deadly)disease,but medical workers have developed(sufficient)methods to control it.They (intend)to help people improve health by using natural(extract)from herbs. Scientists often do (experiment)to findnew treatments.Their workrequires. (wise)and patience,as even small (error)can affect results. (exact),their efforts are beneficial to public health. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.Republic 7.deadly 8.survival 9.province 10.sufficient I用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.republican 7.survived 8.intention 9.extract 10.errors 11.benefit 12.experi- mental I.完成句子 1.Provincial 2.intends to study 3.is beneficial to 4.survival of V.语篇填空 1.republican 2.provinces 3.deadly 4.sufficient 5.intend 6.extracts 7.experiments 8.wisdom 9.errors 10.Exactly 6