Unit 4 Period 1 Reading and interaction（分层作业）英语沪教版必修第三册

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Unit 4 Travels tales Period 1 Reading and interaction分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. set off______________________________ 2. be determined to do_________________________ 3. in the company of__________________________ 4. lose sight of______________________________ 5. catch one’s breath___________________________ 6. be absorbed in______________________________ 7. live up to one’s expectations__________________ 8. in contrast to______________________________ 9. make one’s way to__________________________ 10. take delight in____________________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. He described it as an extraordinarily tangled and complicated t______ (故事). 2. For the past three years he has been e______ (雇佣) as a firefighter. 3. Respect and friendship provide a solid f______ (基础) for marriage. 4. He can't grasp the basic c______ (概念) of mathematics. 5. She's had a really t______ (艰难的) time the last year and a half. 6. He's now r______ (修订) the first draft of his essay. 7. You'll never p______ (劝说) him to stay because his mind's made up. 8. Use music and lighting to create a r______ (浪漫的) atmosphere. 9. We'll have to p______ (推迟) the meeting until next week. 10. The report h______ (强调) the major problems facing society today. 三、单句语法填空。 1. ______ (locate) in the northwest of China, Xi'an is seen as the birthplace of the country's civilization. 2. We use this process only as a ______ (guide). 3. New businesses may ______ (quality) for tax remission. 4. He spoke with typical ______ (enthusiasm). 5. More than 3,000 local workers are ______ (employ) in the tourism industry. 6. We are happy to donate to bona fide ______ (charity) causes. 7. Please ______ (highlight) any terms that are unfamiliar to you. 8. He ______ (declare) his intention to become the best traveler in the world. 9. They realized that some of their plans were impractical and ______ (revise) them accordingly. 10. We're trying to ______ (persuade) local villagers to share their travel stories. 四、句子翻译 1. It was the first time that I had left my parents for such a long period of time. 2. The local people treated us with great kindness when we got lost in the mountain village. 3. What impressed me most was the breathtaking scenery along the winding path. 4. We were caught in a sudden rainstorm on our way back to the camp. 5. This travel experience has turned out to be one of the most unforgettable memories in my life. 6. No matter how difficult the journey was, we never gave up the plan to reach the top of the mountain. 7. She kept a travel journal every day to record her feelings and the interesting things she encountered. 8. It is really amazing to see how the small town has changed over the past ten years. 9. We had to adjust our schedule because of the bad weather condition. 10. Travel not only broadens our horizons but also makes us understand different cultures better. 五、语法填空 During my recent trip to Peru, I had the most unforgettable adventure. Machu Picchu, **1.______ (locate) in the Andes Mountains, is a world-famous historical site. I arrived there early in the morning, and the first sight of the ancient city left me 2.______ (speech). The guide told us that Machu Picchu 3.______ (build) by the Incas around the 15th century and 4.______ (abandon) for unknown reasons later. As we walked through the ruins, I noticed that many stones fit together perfectly, even without mortar. It’s amazing 5.______ the Incas could achieve such extraordinary craftsmanship without modern tools. Along the way, we met some local villagers who 6.______ (sell) hand-made textiles. Their warm smiles and sincere hospitality made me feel at home. I also had the chance to hike the Inca Trail, which 7.______ (regard) as one of the most beautiful hiking routes in the world. The trail passes through forests and mountains, offering breathtaking views. I felt a deep sense of peace 8.______ I stood on the top of a mountain, looking down at the valley below. This trip not only broadened my horizons but also taught me a lot about the Inca civilization. I believe that travel stories like 9.______ can inspire more people to explore the world. If I 10.______ (have) the chance, I will visit Peru again to discover more of its secrets. 六、阅读理解 （上海市七宝中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中）There are few shirts in football as celebrated as the Manchester United No. 7, a grand tradition that is generally considered to go all the way back to George Best. The reality, though, is a little more complex. At Manchester United, the No. 7 clearly means something to supporters and the club itself. From Best to Ronaldo, this is the story of United’s No. 7 shirt. George Best played in the days before permanent squad numbers, when it wasn’t uncommon for footballers to wear multiple numbers in the same season. Best certainly did wear the No. 7 on occasion, most famously during the 1968 European Cup final victory over Benfica, but he didn’t actually wear it particularly often — only in 30 per cent of his Manchester United games. The idea that Best started United’s grand history of the No. 7 shirt isn’t entirely unfair, but Best himself evidently didn’t actually care. Another United Legend, Eric Cantona did care — although he played a variety of numbers during his days in France, he insisted on wearing the No. 7 shirt at United. So it was Eric Cantona, rather than Best, who really made the No. 7 iconic at Manchester United. It was rare to see that number being worn by a forward, instead of a midfielder, but that somehow fitted into the aura of Cantona: a player who interpreted his role in an unusual way. When Cantona left, Alex Ferguson decided to honour David Beckham with the No. 7 at his request. As a right-sided midfielder, Beckham fitted the No. 7 perfectly. He became so associated with the number that he incorporated it into his own fashion brand known as DB07. He enjoyed six years with the No. 7 shirt until his move to Real Madrid. Upon Beckham’s departure in 2003, United signed the perfect replacement as No. 7 — Cristiano Ronald. Ronaldo played on the right of midfield, so the shirt number made sense, although he had initially requested No. 28. However, Ferguson insisted on him taking No. 7. It proved a fine decision. Not only did Ronaldo shine on the pitch, but he also replicated Beckham by incorporating the number into a fashion range: CR7. After Ronald’s transfer to Real Madrid and Ferguson’s retirement, it became clear that United, a club increasingly’ obsessed with branding, wanted to further the legacy and history of the No.7. However, then there was a period when no one seemed to want it. To fill the huge gap left by Ronald’s departure, to be frank, is always something extremely challenging. And whoever comes next must be a confident player who is happy to invite that added scrutiny. 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The number 7 in the football world is usually worn by a forward player. B．George Best often wore the No. 7 during his time at Manchester United. C．In 1960s, players started to wear fixed numbers during the same season. D．Eric Cantona truly helped United’s No. 7 become a famous sporting icon. 2．Which of the following is Not one of the similarities between Beckham and Ronald? A．Both of them have played for Manchester United and Real Madrid in their career. B．They each have successfully created a fashion brand related to their No. 7 shirt. C．Neither of them has voluntarily asked their coach Sir Alex for the No.7 shirt. D．When representing United, they played the same position on the football pitch. 3．None of the players wanted to wear the No. 7 shirt after Ronald probably because ______. A．the value of United’s No.7 has been decreasing significantly B．United has shifted attention from football to gaining commercial success C．the pressure brought by fans’ heightened expectation is overwhelming D．Sir Alex Ferguson has officially retried from the football world 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The Story of Great Players. B．The Legendary Number. C．Who’s the Next United’s No.7? D．Glory Glory Man United. 七、六选四 （22-23高一下·上海进才中学·期末）The Most Important Skill Nobody Taught You Before dying at the age of 39, Blaise Pascal made huge contributions to both physics and mathematics, notably in fluids, geometry, and probability. 1 Many fields that we now classify under the heading of social science did, in fact, also grow out of the foundation he helped lay. Interestingly enough, much of this was done in his teen years, with some of it coming in his twenties. As an adult, inspired by a religious experience, he actually started to move towards philosophy and theology (神学). Right before his death, he was discussing thoroughly fragments of private thoughts that would later be released as a collection by the name of Pensees. While the book is mostly a mathematician’s case for choosing a life of faith and belief, the more curious thing about it is its clear and comprehensible reflection on what it means to be human. 2 There is enough thought-provoking material in it to quote, and it attacks human nature from a variety of different angles, but one of its most famous thoughts aptly sums up the core of his argument: “ 3 ” According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, we dread boredom and instead choose aimless distraction, and we can’t help but run from the problems of our emotions into the false comforts of the mind. The issue at the root, essentially, is that we never learn the art of solitude. Today, more than ever, Pascal’s message rings true. 4 Information technologies have dominated our cultural direction. From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the internet, we have found ways to bring us all closer together, enabling constant worldly access. I can sit in my office in Canada and transport myself to practically anywhere I want through Skype. I don’t think I need to highlight the benefits of all this. But the downsides are also beginning to show, including leaks of privacy, unauthorized data collection and most importantly, our inability to sit quietly in a room by ourselves. A．All of humanity’s problems stem from man’s inability to sit quietly in a room alone. B．Solitude (独处) may not be the solution to everything, but it certainly is a start. C．If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it’s connectedness. D．It’s a blueprint of our psychology long before psychology was regarded as a formal discipline. E．These dedications, however, would influence more than just the realm (领域) of the natural sciences. F．Never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely and anxious in spite of being connected with everything else. 八、完形填空 （上海市普陀区宜川中学2023-2024学年高一下学期英语期中）The prevalence (普遍) of sweatshop (血汗工厂) labor depends largely on the definition being used. At its most 1 definition, the term refers to work in a confined space (small, surrounded by walls) that is extremely difficult or dangerous. Sweatshops are considered to be fairly common. If the definition being used is closely related to the commonly-held 2 of a factory with overworked, under-paid workers, sweatshop labor becomes less common than expected. 3 , they are still prevalent in third-world countries. According to the United States Government Accountability Office, a sweatshop is any workplace that breaks one or more state and federal 4 laws. Experts believe that roughly 50 percent of manufacturers— 5 in the clothing industry — employ sweatshop labor. It can be 6 to figure out the exact number of sweatshops in a particular area. These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws. Violations can include workers being paid less than minimum wage, child labor, and the severe lack of safety regulations. 7 , many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means. For example, they might bribe government officials. Another factor that 8 the prevalence of sweatshop labor is the economic situation in the country or region. Many individuals choose to work in sweatshops simply because there are no better alternatives 9 livelihood (生计), even if the income they’re being given still cannot support their basic standards of living. This has led to a sharper increase in sweatshops in third-world economies. In these countries, there is a 10 advantage to working in a sweatshop rather than not working at all. 11 , the large number of people willing to work under such conditions causes employers to run more sweatshops. Certain economists argue against the popular opinion that sweatshop labor should be considered 12 . Sweatshop supporters argue that the workplaces are a necessity for poor countries. Sweatshop workers actually earn more than average in those countries. Following this train of thought, sweatshops are looked upon as an economic stimulus (刺激物). Employers following this belief are 13 to increase the number of sweatshops in poorer countries. However, other experts think that 14 labor standards in third-world countries creates a downward spiral (螺旋线). That is to say, people will be forced to accept working in increasingly worsening circumstances. The demand for work is significantly larger than the number of jobs that are available. It’s quite 15 for wages and employee rights to continue going downwards in response to such desperation. As a result of the economic circumstances in a given region, employers who follow this philosophy are quick to point out that their businesses do not fall under the definition of a sweatshop. 1．A．accurate B．general C．applicable D．specific 2．A．opinion B．condition C．image D．representation 3．A．However B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Otherwise 4．A．tax B．criminal C．civil D．labor 5．A．exclusively B．particularly C．broadly D．initially 6．A．meaningless B．significant C．awkward D．difficult 7．A．After all B．As a result C．Above all D．As usual 8．A．adds to B．results from C．puts off D．appeals to 9．A．in spite of B．in addition to C．in terms of D．in return for 10．A．comparative B．competitive C．complicated D．potential 11．A．By contrast B．In turn C．All in all D．Last but not least 12．A．necessary B．constructive C．illegal D．inhuman 13．A．encouraged B．forbidden C．reminded D．obliged 14．A．establishing B．enforcing C．maintaining D．dropping 15．A．possible B．incredible C．avoidable D．necessary 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Travels tales Period 1 Reading and interaction分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. set off______________________________ 2. be determined to do_________________________ 3. in the company of__________________________ 4. lose sight of______________________________ 5. catch one’s breath___________________________ 6. be absorbed in______________________________ 7. live up to one’s expectations__________________ 8. in contrast to______________________________ 9. make one’s way to__________________________ 10. take delight in____________________________ 【答案】 1. 答案：出发；动身；启程 解析：尤指为旅行、赶路而出发，常见搭配 set off for + 地点，例：We set off for the mountain village at dawn. 2. 答案：决心做某事 解析：强调主观上的坚定意志，同义短语 be resolved to do，例：She was determined to finish the task before dark. 3. 答案：在……的陪伴下 解析：侧重“结伴同行”的状态，同义表达 in the company with，例：He walked through the forest in the company of his guide. 4. 答案：看不见；忽略；忘记 解析：既可以指视觉上“看不见”，也可指抽象意义上“忽视重要事物”，例：We soon lost sight of the small island as the ship sailed away. 5. 答案：喘口气；屏息；歇会儿 解析：可用于生理上“因运动、紧张喘气”，也可指“因惊叹而屏息”，例：The audience caught their breath at the amazing acrobatic show. 6. 答案：全神贯注于；被……吸引 解析：强调注意力高度集中的状态，常见搭配 be absorbed in + 名词/doing，例：The little girl was absorbed in reading a picture book. 7. 答案：达到某人的期望；不负众望 解析：反义词组 fall short of one’s expectations（未达到期望），例：The new product lived up to customers’ expectations. 8. 答案：与……形成对比；和……相反 解析：用于突出两个事物的差异，例：In contrast to his brother, he is very quiet and reserved. 9. 答案：前往；费力地走向 解析：强调“克服困难、缓慢行进”的过程，例：They made their way to the top of the hill despite the heavy rain. 10. 答案：乐于做某事；以……为乐 解析：侧重从某件事中获得乐趣，同义短语 take pleasure in，例：She takes delight in helping others solve problems. 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. He described it as an extraordinarily tangled and complicated t______ (故事). 2. For the past three years he has been e______ (雇佣) as a firefighter. 3. Respect and friendship provide a solid f______ (基础) for marriage. 4. He can't grasp the basic c______ (概念) of mathematics. 5. She's had a really t______ (艰难的) time the last year and a half. 6. He's now r______ (修订) the first draft of his essay. 7. You'll never p______ (劝说) him to stay because his mind's made up. 8. Use music and lighting to create a r______ (浪漫的) atmosphere. 9. We'll have to p______ (推迟) the meeting until next week. 10. The report h______ (强调) the major problems facing society today. 【答案】 1. 答案：tale 解析：名词，意为“（尤指充满惊险的）故事、历险记”，对应单元主题“Travels tales”核心词汇，由空前形容词“complicated”修饰，用原形即可。 2. 答案：employed 解析：动词“employ”（雇佣）的被动语态形式，“be employed as”为固定搭配（被雇佣担任……），符合“for the past three years”体现的持续被动状态。 3. 答案：foundation 解析：名词，意为“基础”，“solid foundation”（坚实的基础）为常用搭配，单元核心词汇，其动词形式为“found”（建立），需注意拼写区别于“found”（find的过去式）。 4. 答案：concept 解析：名词，意为“概念、观念”，“basic concept”（基本概念）为单元重点搭配，对应“grasp the concept”（理解概念）的核心用法。 5. 答案：tough 解析：形容词，意为“艰难的、棘手的”，修饰名词“time”，符合句意“过去一年半她过得非常艰难”，是描述经历的常用词汇。 6. 答案：revising 解析：动词“revise”（修订、修改）的现在进行时形式，由空前“is now”可知需用-ing形式，对应写作场景中的“修订草稿”常用表达。 7. 答案：persuade 解析：动词，意为“劝说、说服”，“persuade sb. to do sth.”为固定搭配（劝说某人做某事），符合“无法劝说他留下”的语境。 8. 答案：romantic 解析：形容词，意为“浪漫的”，修饰名词“atmosphere”（氛围），是描述场景氛围的核心词汇，拼写需注意“-tic”后缀。 9. 答案：postpone 解析：动词，意为“推迟、延期”，“postpone sth. until+时间”为固定搭配（将某事推迟到……），与单元旅行场景中“调整行程、推迟活动”的语境契合。 10. 答案：highlights 解析：动词，意为“强调、突出”，主语“the report”为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，对应“highlight the importance/problems”（强调重要性/问题）的单元核心用法。 三、单句语法填空。 1. ______ (locate) in the northwest of China, Xi'an is seen as the birthplace of the country's civilization. 2. We use this process only as a ______ (guide). 3. New businesses may ______ (quality) for tax remission. 4. He spoke with typical ______ (enthusiasm). 5. More than 3,000 local workers are ______ (employ) in the tourism industry. 6. We are happy to donate to bona fide ______ (charity) causes. 7. Please ______ (highlight) any terms that are unfamiliar to you. 8. He ______ (declare) his intention to become the best traveler in the world. 9. They realized that some of their plans were impractical and ______ (revise) them accordingly. 10. We're trying to ______ (persuade) local villagers to share their travel stories. 【答案】 1. 答案：Located 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：位于中国西北部的西安被视为华夏文明的发源地。be located in为固定搭配，意为“位于……”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语，故填Located。 2. 答案：guideline 解析：考查名词。句意：我们仅将此流程作为指导原则。空前有不定冠词a修饰，需填名词单数形式，guide的名词形式为guideline（指导原则），符合句意，故填guideline。 3. 答案：qualify 解析：考查动词。句意：新企业有资格享受税收减免。情态动词may后接动词原形，quality的动词形式为qualify（有资格），故填qualify。 4. 答案：enthusiasm 解析：考查名词。句意：他以其特有的热情发言。形容词typical修饰名词，enthusiasm为不可数名词，意为“热情”，直接作宾语，故填enthusiasm。 5. 答案：employed 解析：考查被动语态。句意：超过3000名本地工人受雇于旅游业。主语workers与employ之间为被动关系，此处用一般现在时的被动语态（be+过去分词），employ的过去分词为employed，故填employed。 6. 答案：charitable 解析：考查形容词。句意：我们很乐意向真正的慈善事业捐赠。此处需用形容词修饰名词causes，charity的形容词形式为charitable（慈善的），故填charitable。 7. 答案：highlight 解析：考查动词。句意：请标出所有你不熟悉的术语。本句为祈使句，谓语动词用原形，highlight为动词原形（强调；标出），故填highlight。 8. 答案：declared 解析：考查动词时态。句意：他表明了要成为世界上最棒旅行者的意愿。描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，declare的过去式为declared，故填declared。 9. 答案：revised 解析：考查动词时态。句意：他们意识到部分计划不切实际，于是相应地修改了它们。and连接并列谓语，根据realized可知此处用一般过去时，revise的过去式为revised，故填revised。 10. 答案：persuade 解析：考查动词。句意：我们正试图说服当地村民分享他们的旅行故事。try to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“试图做某事”，后接动词原形，故填persuade。 四、句子翻译 1. It was the first time that I had left my parents for such a long period of time. 2. The local people treated us with great kindness when we got lost in the mountain village. 3. What impressed me most was the breathtaking scenery along the winding path. 4. We were caught in a sudden rainstorm on our way back to the camp. 5. This travel experience has turned out to be one of the most unforgettable memories in my life. 6. No matter how difficult the journey was, we never gave up the plan to reach the top of the mountain. 7. She kept a travel journal every day to record her feelings and the interesting things she encountered. 8. It is really amazing to see how the small town has changed over the past ten years. 9. We had to adjust our schedule because of the bad weather condition. 10. Travel not only broadens our horizons but also makes us understand different cultures better. 【答案】 1. 译文：这是我第一次离开父母这么长一段时间。 解析：固定句型 It was the first time that... 后接过去完成时，表示“第一次做某事”；for such a long period of time 意为“长达如此之久的一段时间”。 2. 译文：当我们在那个山村里迷路时，当地人非常友善地招待了我们。 解析：treat sb. with great kindness 是固定搭配，意为“以极大的善意对待某人”；get lost 表示“迷路”，时间状语从句用一般过去时。 3. 译文：给我留下最深刻印象的是蜿蜒小路边令人惊叹的风景。 解析：What impressed me most 是主语从句，在句中作主语；breathtaking scenery 意为“令人惊叹的风景”；winding path 表示“蜿蜒的小路”。 4. 译文：我们在返回营地的路上遭遇了一场突如其来的暴雨。 解析：固定短语 be caught in 意为“遭遇（恶劣天气等）”；on one’s way back to... 表示“在某人返回某地的路上”。 5. 译文：这次旅行经历最终成了我人生中最难忘的回忆之一。 解析：turn out to be 意为“最终被证明是；结果是”；one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 表示“最……之一”。 6. 译文：无论旅途多么艰难，我们从未放弃登顶这座山的计划。 解析：No matter how 引导让步状语从句，相当于 However，修饰形容词 difficult；give up the plan to do sth. 意为“放弃做某事的计划”。 7. 译文：她每天都写旅行日记，记录自己的感受和遇到的趣事。 解析：keep a travel journal 表示“写旅行日记”；she encountered 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the interesting things，关系代词 that/which 可省略。 8. 译文：看到这个小镇在过去十年间的变化，真是令人惊叹。 解析：本句为 It is + adj. + to do sth. 句型，It 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语；over the past ten years 是现在完成时的标志词，从句用 has changed。 9. 译文：由于糟糕的天气状况，我们不得不调整行程安排。 解析：adjust one’s schedule 意为“调整某人的行程安排”；because of 后接名词短语 the bad weather condition，表示原因。 10. 译文：旅行不仅开阔我们的眼界，还能让我们更好地了解不同的文化。 解析：固定结构 not only...but also... 连接两个并列的谓语部分；broaden one’s horizons 是常用搭配，意为“开阔某人的眼界”。 五、语法填空 During my recent trip to Peru, I had the most unforgettable adventure. Machu Picchu, **1.______ (locate) in the Andes Mountains, is a world-famous historical site. I arrived there early in the morning, and the first sight of the ancient city left me 2.______ (speech). The guide told us that Machu Picchu 3.______ (build) by the Incas around the 15th century and 4.______ (abandon) for unknown reasons later. As we walked through the ruins, I noticed that many stones fit together perfectly, even without mortar. It’s amazing 5.______ the Incas could achieve such extraordinary craftsmanship without modern tools. Along the way, we met some local villagers who 6.______ (sell) hand-made textiles. Their warm smiles and sincere hospitality made me feel at home. I also had the chance to hike the Inca Trail, which 7.______ (regard) as one of the most beautiful hiking routes in the world. The trail passes through forests and mountains, offering breathtaking views. I felt a deep sense of peace 8.______ I stood on the top of a mountain, looking down at the valley below. This trip not only broadened my horizons but also taught me a lot about the Inca civilization. I believe that travel stories like 9.______ can inspire more people to explore the world. If I 10.______ (have) the chance, I will visit Peru again to discover more of its secrets. 【答案】 1. located 解析：考查非谓语动词。be located in 是固定搭配，意为“位于……”，此处用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 Machu Picchu，故填 located。 2. speechless 解析：考查词性转换。leave sb. + 形容词 表示“使某人处于某种状态”，speech 的形容词形式 speechless 意为“说不出话的”，符合“古城美景让人震撼”的语境，故填 speechless。 3. was built 解析：考查动词时态和语态。主语 Machu Picchu 与 build 之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去（15世纪），用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 was built。 4. was abandoned 解析：考查动词时态和语态。主语 Machu Picchu 与 abandon 之间是被动关系，且与前文的 was built 并列，时态一致，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 was abandoned。 5. that 解析：考查主语从句连接词。It’s amazing that... 是固定句型，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，从句结构完整，用 that 引导，故填 that。 6. were selling 解析：考查动词时态。此处描述“我们遇到村民时，他们正在卖手工纺织品”，用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，主语是复数 villagers，故填 were selling。 7. is regarded 解析：考查动词时态和语态。be regarded as 是固定搭配，意为“被认为是……”，此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语 which 指代 the Inca Trail，为单数，故填 is regarded。 8. when 解析：考查连词。句意：当我站在山顶俯瞰山谷时，感到一种深深的平静。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，故填 when。 9. this 解析：考查代词。此处指代前文提到的“这次秘鲁之旅的经历”，用代词 this 指代可数名词单数形式的旅行故事，故填 this。 10. have 解析：考查虚拟语气。if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时（will visit），从句用一般现在时表将来，故填 have。 六、阅读理解 （上海市七宝中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中）There are few shirts in football as celebrated as the Manchester United No. 7, a grand tradition that is generally considered to go all the way back to George Best. The reality, though, is a little more complex. At Manchester United, the No. 7 clearly means something to supporters and the club itself. From Best to Ronaldo, this is the story of United’s No. 7 shirt. George Best played in the days before permanent squad numbers, when it wasn’t uncommon for footballers to wear multiple numbers in the same season. Best certainly did wear the No. 7 on occasion, most famously during the 1968 European Cup final victory over Benfica, but he didn’t actually wear it particularly often — only in 30 per cent of his Manchester United games. The idea that Best started United’s grand history of the No. 7 shirt isn’t entirely unfair, but Best himself evidently didn’t actually care. Another United Legend, Eric Cantona did care — although he played a variety of numbers during his days in France, he insisted on wearing the No. 7 shirt at United. So it was Eric Cantona, rather than Best, who really made the No. 7 iconic at Manchester United. It was rare to see that number being worn by a forward, instead of a midfielder, but that somehow fitted into the aura of Cantona: a player who interpreted his role in an unusual way. When Cantona left, Alex Ferguson decided to honour David Beckham with the No. 7 at his request. As a right-sided midfielder, Beckham fitted the No. 7 perfectly. He became so associated with the number that he incorporated it into his own fashion brand known as DB07. He enjoyed six years with the No. 7 shirt until his move to Real Madrid. Upon Beckham’s departure in 2003, United signed the perfect replacement as No. 7 — Cristiano Ronald. Ronaldo played on the right of midfield, so the shirt number made sense, although he had initially requested No. 28. However, Ferguson insisted on him taking No. 7. It proved a fine decision. Not only did Ronaldo shine on the pitch, but he also replicated Beckham by incorporating the number into a fashion range: CR7. After Ronald’s transfer to Real Madrid and Ferguson’s retirement, it became clear that United, a club increasingly’ obsessed with branding, wanted to further the legacy and history of the No.7. However, then there was a period when no one seemed to want it. To fill the huge gap left by Ronald’s departure, to be frank, is always something extremely challenging. And whoever comes next must be a confident player who is happy to invite that added scrutiny. 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The number 7 in the football world is usually worn by a forward player. B．George Best often wore the No. 7 during his time at Manchester United. C．In 1960s, players started to wear fixed numbers during the same season. D．Eric Cantona truly helped United’s No. 7 become a famous sporting icon. 2．Which of the following is Not one of the similarities between Beckham and Ronald? A．Both of them have played for Manchester United and Real Madrid in their career. B．They each have successfully created a fashion brand related to their No. 7 shirt. C．Neither of them has voluntarily asked their coach Sir Alex for the No.7 shirt. D．When representing United, they played the same position on the football pitch. 3．None of the players wanted to wear the No. 7 shirt after Ronald probably because ______. A．the value of United’s No.7 has been decreasing significantly B．United has shifted attention from football to gaining commercial success C．the pressure brought by fans’ heightened expectation is overwhelming D．Sir Alex Ferguson has officially retried from the football world 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The Story of Great Players. B．The Legendary Number. C．Who’s the Next United’s No.7? D．Glory Glory Man United. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了曼联足球俱乐部的7号球衣传统。从乔治·贝斯特到克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，7号球衣在曼联历史上的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中“So it was Eric Cantona, rather than Best, who really made the No. 7 iconic at Manchester United.(因此，真正让7号成为曼联标志性球衣的是埃里克·坎通纳，而不是贝斯特)”可知，埃里克·坎通纳帮助7号球衣成为了著名的体育标志是正确的表述。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“When Cantona left, Alex Ferguson decided to honour David Beckham with the No. 7 at his request.(当坎通纳离开的时候，弗格森在贝克汉姆的要求下决定给他穿上7号球衣)”和第六段中“Upon Beckham’s departure in 2003, United signed the perfect replacement as No. 7 — Cristiano Ronald. Ronaldo played on the right of midfield, so the shirt number made sense, although he had initially requested No. 28. (2003年贝克汉姆离开后，曼联签下了7号的完美替代者——克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多。C罗踢的是右中场，所以球衣号码是合理的，尽管他最初要求穿28号)”可知，贝克汉姆主动要求穿7号球衣，而C罗没有主动要求。所以他们两人都没有主动要求穿上7号球衣不是贝克汉姆和罗纳德之间的相似之处。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, then there was a period when no one seemed to want it. To fill the huge gap left by Ronald’s departure, to be frank, is always something extremely challenging. And whoever comes next must be a confident player who is happy to invite that added scrutiny.(然而，有一段时间，似乎没有人想穿它。坦白地说，填补C罗离开后留下的巨大空缺一直是一件极具挑战性的事情。无论谁成为下一个，都必须是一个自信的球员，乐于接受额外的审视)”可知，C罗之后，没有球员想穿7号球衣是因为球迷的高期望带来的压力是压倒性的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“At Manchester United, the No. 7 clearly means something to supporters and the club itself. From Best to Ronaldo, this is the story of United’s No. 7 shirt.(在曼联，7号显然对球迷和俱乐部本身都有意义。从贝斯特到C罗，这就是曼联7号球衣的故事)”和下文可知，文章追溯了穿过这个号码的伟大球员的血统，从乔治·贝斯特到克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，强调了他们的贡献以及与球衣相关的文化影响。突显了曼联7号球衣的历史意义和标志性地位展开。故“传奇数字”这一标题简洁地抓住了文章的精髓，重点关注了曼联历史背景下7号球衣的传奇地位，是文章最佳标题。故选B项。 七、六选四 （22-23高一下·上海进才中学·期末）The Most Important Skill Nobody Taught You Before dying at the age of 39, Blaise Pascal made huge contributions to both physics and mathematics, notably in fluids, geometry, and probability. 1 Many fields that we now classify under the heading of social science did, in fact, also grow out of the foundation he helped lay. Interestingly enough, much of this was done in his teen years, with some of it coming in his twenties. As an adult, inspired by a religious experience, he actually started to move towards philosophy and theology (神学). Right before his death, he was discussing thoroughly fragments of private thoughts that would later be released as a collection by the name of Pensees. While the book is mostly a mathematician’s case for choosing a life of faith and belief, the more curious thing about it is its clear and comprehensible reflection on what it means to be human. 2 There is enough thought-provoking material in it to quote, and it attacks human nature from a variety of different angles, but one of its most famous thoughts aptly sums up the core of his argument: “ 3 ” According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, we dread boredom and instead choose aimless distraction, and we can’t help but run from the problems of our emotions into the false comforts of the mind. The issue at the root, essentially, is that we never learn the art of solitude. Today, more than ever, Pascal’s message rings true. 4 Information technologies have dominated our cultural direction. From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the internet, we have found ways to bring us all closer together, enabling constant worldly access. I can sit in my office in Canada and transport myself to practically anywhere I want through Skype. I don’t think I need to highlight the benefits of all this. But the downsides are also beginning to show, including leaks of privacy, unauthorized data collection and most importantly, our inability to sit quietly in a room by ourselves. A．All of humanity’s problems stem from man’s inability to sit quietly in a room alone. B．Solitude (独处) may not be the solution to everything, but it certainly is a start. C．If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it’s connectedness. D．It’s a blueprint of our psychology long before psychology was regarded as a formal discipline. E．These dedications, however, would influence more than just the realm (领域) of the natural sciences. F．Never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely and anxious in spite of being connected with everything else. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Blaise Pascal在文章表明，人类的很多问题都是因为人类无法独自安静地坐在房间里而产生的，而信息技术的发展也阻碍人们学习独处的艺术。 1．根据上文“Before dying at the age of 39, Blaise Pascal made huge contributions to both physics and mathematics, notably in fluids, geometry, and probability.(在39岁去世之前，布莱斯·帕斯卡在物理学和数学方面做出了巨大贡献，尤其是在流体、几何和概率方面)”和下文“Many fields that we now classify under the heading of social science did, in fact, also grow out of the foundation he helped lay.(事实上，我们现在归类为社会科学的许多领域也都是在他帮助奠定的基础上发展起来的)”可知，布莱斯·帕斯卡的贡献不止在物理和数学领域。E项“These dedications, however, would influence more than just the realm (领域) of the natural sciences.(然而，这些奉献将不仅仅影响自然科学领域)”符合语境，选项中these dedications指代上文提到的huge contributions。故选E。 2．空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“While the book is mostly a mathematician’s case for choosing a life of faith and belief, the more curious thing about it is its clear and comprehensible reflection on what it means to be human. (虽然这本书主要是数学家选择信仰生活的案例，但更令人好奇的是，它对人到底意味着什么作出了清晰的反思)”可知，这本书还是人类意味着什么的反思，由此推知，空处陈述这本书在心理学的作用。D项“It’s a blueprint of our psychology long before psychology was regarded as a formal discipline.(早在心理学被视为一门正式学科之前，它就已经是我们心理学的蓝图)”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据上文“There is enough thought-provoking material in it to quote, and it attacks human nature from a variety of different angles, but one of its most famous thoughts aptly sums up the core of his argument: (其中有足够多发人深省的材料可以引用，它从各种不同的角度攻击人性，但它最著名的思想之一恰当地总结了他的论点的核心：)”推知，空处应陈述核心论点的具体内容。结合下文“According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, we dread boredom and instead choose aimless distraction, and we can’t help but run from the problems of our emotions into the false comforts of the mind. The issue at the root, essentially, is that we never learn the art of solitude.(根据帕斯卡的说法，我们害怕存在的沉默，我们害怕无聊，而是选择漫无目的的分心，我们忍不住从情绪的问题中逃到精神的虚假安慰中。从根本上讲，问题的根源在于我们从未学习过独处的艺术)”推知，核心论点是人类无法独处。A项“All of humanity’s problems stem from man’s inability to sit quietly in a room alone.(人类的所有问题都源于人类无法独自安静地坐在房间里)”符合题意。故选A。 4．根据上文“Today, more than ever, Pascal’s message rings true.(今天，帕斯卡的信息比以往任何时候都更加真实)”和下文“Information technologies have dominated our cultural direction. From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the internet, we have found ways to bring us all closer together, enabling constant worldly access. I can sit in my office in Canada and transport myself to practically anywhere I want through Skype.(信息技术主导了我们的文化方向。从电话到收音机，从电视到互联网，我们找到了让我们更紧密地联系在一起的方法，使我们能够不断地接触世界。我可以坐在加拿大的办公室里，通过Skype把自己带到几乎任何我想去的地方)”可知，今日，人们无时无刻想要联通，不想独处的情况证实了帕斯卡的说法。由此推知，空处应陈述现在人们的状态——无时无刻联通。C项“If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it’s connectedness.(如果用一个词来形容过去100年取得的进步，那就是连通性)”符合题意，下文是对选项的具体说明。故选C。 八、完形填空 （上海市普陀区宜川中学2023-2024学年高一下学期英语期中）The prevalence (普遍) of sweatshop (血汗工厂) labor depends largely on the definition being used. At its most 1 definition, the term refers to work in a confined space (small, surrounded by walls) that is extremely difficult or dangerous. Sweatshops are considered to be fairly common. If the definition being used is closely related to the commonly-held 2 of a factory with overworked, under-paid workers, sweatshop labor becomes less common than expected. 3 , they are still prevalent in third-world countries. According to the United States Government Accountability Office, a sweatshop is any workplace that breaks one or more state and federal 4 laws. Experts believe that roughly 50 percent of manufacturers— 5 in the clothing industry — employ sweatshop labor. It can be 6 to figure out the exact number of sweatshops in a particular area. These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws. Violations can include workers being paid less than minimum wage, child labor, and the severe lack of safety regulations. 7 , many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means. For example, they might bribe government officials. Another factor that 8 the prevalence of sweatshop labor is the economic situation in the country or region. Many individuals choose to work in sweatshops simply because there are no better alternatives 9 livelihood (生计), even if the income they’re being given still cannot support their basic standards of living. This has led to a sharper increase in sweatshops in third-world economies. In these countries, there is a 10 advantage to working in a sweatshop rather than not working at all. 11 , the large number of people willing to work under such conditions causes employers to run more sweatshops. Certain economists argue against the popular opinion that sweatshop labor should be considered 12 . Sweatshop supporters argue that the workplaces are a necessity for poor countries. Sweatshop workers actually earn more than average in those countries. Following this train of thought, sweatshops are looked upon as an economic stimulus (刺激物). Employers following this belief are 13 to increase the number of sweatshops in poorer countries. However, other experts think that 14 labor standards in third-world countries creates a downward spiral (螺旋线). That is to say, people will be forced to accept working in increasingly worsening circumstances. The demand for work is significantly larger than the number of jobs that are available. It’s quite 15 for wages and employee rights to continue going downwards in response to such desperation. As a result of the economic circumstances in a given region, employers who follow this philosophy are quick to point out that their businesses do not fall under the definition of a sweatshop. 1．A．accurate B．general C．applicable D．specific 2．A．opinion B．condition C．image D．representation 3．A．However B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Otherwise 4．A．tax B．criminal C．civil D．labor 5．A．exclusively B．particularly C．broadly D．initially 6．A．meaningless B．significant C．awkward D．difficult 7．A．After all B．As a result C．Above all D．As usual 8．A．adds to B．results from C．puts off D．appeals to 9．A．in spite of B．in addition to C．in terms of D．in return for 10．A．comparative B．competitive C．complicated D．potential 11．A．By contrast B．In turn C．All in all D．Last but not least 12．A．necessary B．constructive C．illegal D．inhuman 13．A．encouraged B．forbidden C．reminded D．obliged 14．A．establishing B．enforcing C．maintaining D．dropping 15．A．possible B．incredible C．avoidable D．necessary 【答案】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了血汗工厂的定义，它在第三世界国家的普遍程度、存在的复杂原因，以及针对它的利弊的争论。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从最普遍的定义来看，这个术语指的是在一个非常困难或危险的密闭空间（小的，被墙包围的）里工作。A. accurate准确的；B. general普遍的；C. applicable适用的；D. specific具体的。根据下文“Sweatshops are considered to be fairly common.”可知，在这种定义下，血汗工厂被认为相当普遍，因此该定义应该是最普遍的定义。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果使用的定义与人们普遍认为的工厂的形象密切相关，即工人工作过度，工资过低，那么血汗工厂的劳动力就没有想象的那么普遍了。A. opinion意见；B. condition条件；C. image形象；D. representation代表。根据下文“a factory with overworked, under-paid workers”可推知，工人工作过度、工资过低是人们通常认为的血汗工厂的形象。故选C。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，它们在第三世界国家仍然很普遍。A. However然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。上文“sweatshop labor becomes less common than expected”提到在另一定义下，血汗工厂的劳动力就没有想象的那么普遍，下文“they are still prevalent in third-world countries”指出它们在第三世界国家仍然很普遍，因此上下文之间是转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选A。 4．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：根据美国政府问责局的说法，血汗工厂是任何违反一项或多项州和联邦劳动法的工作场所。A. tax税收；B. criminal刑事的；C. civil民事的；D. labor劳动。根据讨论血汗工厂劳动力的语境可知，这与劳动法相关，此处指违反一项或多项州和联邦劳动法。故选D。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：专家认为，大约50%的制造商——特别是服装业——雇佣血汗工厂劳动力。A. exclusively专门地；B. particularly特别是；C. broadly广泛地；D. initially最初地。根据下文“in the clothing industry”和生活常识可推知，相比于其他制造商，服装业的制造商更倾向于雇佣血汗工厂劳动力，此处指特别是服装业。故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要统计出某一地区血汗工厂的确切数量是很困难的。A. meaningless毫无意义的；B. significant重要的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means”可知，许多血汗工厂会通过许多不同的手段来隐藏它们的这个身份，因此统计出确切数量是很困难的。故选D。 7．考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，许多这样的地方往往会通过许多不同的手段来隐藏它们作为血汗工厂的身份。A. After all毕竟；B. As a result因此；C. Above all首先；D. As usual照常。上文“These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws.”提到血汗工厂通常违反劳动法，下文“many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means”指出血汗工厂会通过许多不同的手段来隐藏它们的这个身份，前后是因果关系，前为原因，后为结果，应用As a result“因此”衔接。故选B。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一个增加血汗工厂劳工盛行的因素是国家或地区的经济状况。A. adds to增加；B. results from由……引起；C. puts off推迟；D. appeals to吸引。根据本段主要描述国家或地区的经济状况导致很多人为了生计而不得不成为血汗工厂劳动力可推知，此处指另一个增加血汗工厂劳工盛行的因素。故选A。 9．考查介词短语辨析。句意：许多人选择在血汗工厂工作，仅仅是因为在生计方面没有更好的选择，即使他们得到的收入仍然无法维持他们的基本生活水平。A. in spite of尽管；B. in addition to除了……之外（还）；C. in terms of就……而言；D. in return for作为……的回报。根据上文“there are no better alternatives”和下文“livelihood”可推知，此处是从生计方面说明因为没有更好的选择，所以许多人选择在血汗工厂工作，即就生计而言。故选C。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这些国家，在血汗工厂工作比根本不工作更有相对优势。A. comparative相对的；B. competitive竞争的；C. complicated复杂的；D. potential潜在的。根据下文“working in a sweatshop”“not working at all”以及生活常识可知，虽然在血汗工厂工作非常不好，但是这比根本不工作，无法获得收入，有相对的优势。故选A。 11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：反过来，大量愿意在这种条件下工作的人导致雇主经营更多的血汗工厂。A. By contrast相比之下；B. In turn反过来；C. All in all总的来说；D. Last but not least最后但同样重要的是。上文提到很多人迫于生计选择去血汗工厂工作，这比不工作好一些，下文“the large number of people willing to work under such conditions causes employers to run more sweatshops”指出大量愿意在这种条件下工作的人导致雇主经营更多的血汗工厂，前者反过来导致了后者的发生，因此用In turn“反过来”衔接。故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些经济学家反对将血汗工厂视为非法的流行观点。A. necessary必要的；B. constructive有益的；C. illegal非法的；D. inhuman不人道的。根据上文“These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws.”可知，血汗工厂通常违反劳动法，再结合上文“the popular opinion”可推知，流行观点是将血汗工厂视为非法。故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：遵循这种信念的雇主被鼓励在较贫穷的国家增加血汗工厂的数量。A. encouraged鼓励；B. forbidden禁止；C. reminded提醒；D. obliged迫使。根据上文“Following this train of thought, sweatshops are looked upon as an economic stimulus (刺激物).”可知，血汗工厂被视为一种经济刺激物，因此遵循这种信念的雇主是被鼓励增加血汗工厂的数量。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，其他专家认为，第三世界国家降低劳动标准会造成恶性循环。A. establishing建立；B. enforcing强制执行；C. maintaining维护；D. dropping降低。根据上文“However”可知，本段涉及的观点与前一段支持血汗工厂的观点相反，再结合下文“labor standards in third-world countries creates a downward spiral (螺旋线)”可推知，该反对血汗工厂的观点认为第三世界国家降低劳动标准会造成恶性循环。故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了应对这种绝望，工资和员工权利必然会继续下降。A. possible可能的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. avoidable可避免的；D. necessary必然的。根据上文“The demand for work is significantly larger than the number of jobs that are available.”可知，对工作的需求远远大于可提供的工作数量，再结合“wages and employee rights to continue going downwards in response to such desperation”可推知，为了应对前一句提到的绝望情况，被血汗工厂雇佣的工人不得不进一步退让，他们的工资和权利必然会继续下降。故选D。 $