专题03 完形填空 （上海专用）2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

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专题03 完形填空 编者按：2026年上海十六区高三二模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. With society placing increasing pressure on achievement, it is understandable that people tend to hide their weaknesses. However, this tendency may bring ____21____ consequences. I learned this lesson during a hiking trip. As a beginner, I found the journey extremely ____22____. Even without carrying heavy equipment, I struggled to keep up with the group. Although I was slowing everyone down, I chose to remain ____23____, hoping others would not notice my difficulty. To my surprise, one of the more experienced hikers suggested taking a break. At that moment, I noticed a sense of ____24____ spreading among the group. It then became clear that I was not alone in ____25____ my discomfort. Many of us had been trying to present a stronger image than reality. For many people, being authentic — showing one’s true self — is far from ____26____. As social beings, we are used to adapting to our environment, which makes it difficult to ____27____ what we really think. We often assume that hiding our weaknesses will help us leave a more ____28____ impression on others. Yet both research and experience suggest otherwise. The ____29____ of authenticity are becoming increasingly apparent. In fact, studies show that authentic individuals not only feel more engaged but also help create a more supportive environment. Their behavior can gradually ____30____ the attitudes of those around them. Even people who do not intend to be authentic may begin to change. In this way, authenticity does not remain a personal quality but begins to ____31____ within a group, shaping the overall work atmosphere. One explanation for this effect is that authentic people do not place self-protection above everything else. ____32____, they try to balance their own needs and those of others, creating a sense of psychological safety. As a result, others feel ____33____ when sharing their true feelings. Over time, such an atmosphere encourages cooperation and openness. Therefore, by focusing less on appearing hardworking and more on becoming well-rounded individuals, we can make a lasting ____34____ in our environment. At the same time, we may inspire others to follow our ____35____. In the end, authenticity proves to be not a weakness, but a powerful strategy for building better relationships. 21. A. emotional B. negative C. serious D. immediate 22. A. lonely B. enjoyable C. exciting D. demanding 23. A. relaxed B. active C. silent D. patient 24. A. relief B. support C. confidence D. tension 25. A. admitting B. noticing C. hiding D. ignoring 26. A. ideal B. natural C. comfortable D. easy 27. A. accept B. express C. discover D. prove 28. A. positive B. lasting C. noticeable D. accurate 29. A. benefits B. forms C. features D. elements 30. A. reflect B. influence C. match D. determine 31. A. disappear B. develop C. spread D. return 32. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Instead 33. A. under pressure B. at ease C. on edge D. under protection 34. A. difference B. plan C. comparison D. promise 35. A. advice B. achievement C. rule D. example （二） （2025~2026学年金山区二模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A new study has found that bumblebees can process the duration of light flashes and use this information to find food. This is the (21) _______ evidence of such an ability in insects, according to Elisabetta Versace from Queen Mary University of London. Versace told CNN that the finding could settle a long-standing debate among scientists about whether insects are able to process complex patterns, as many experts previously (22) _______ their cognitive(认知) abilities. “In the past, people thought insects were just simple reflex machines without any flexibility,” Versace explained. To test their idea and prove that bees could process time-related information, the researchers built a(n) (23) _______ designed maze(迷宫) where individual bumblebees traveled when leaving their nests for food. In the maze, the bees were shown two distinct (24) _______ clues: one circle that flashed briefly for 0.5 seconds and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds. When the bees approached these (25) _______ circles, they found sweet, preferred food at one and bitter, unwanted food at the other. Even though the circles’ positions changed in each part of the maze, the bees gradually learned over time to fly toward the (26) _______ flash, which was consistently linked to the sweet food. To (27) _______ the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and her team members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all. They found that the bees could still tell the circles apart based (28) _______ on flash duration, not other potential cues like color or shape. “This shows the bees are (29) _______ using the time difference between the flashes to guide their food-seeking choices,” she said. Versace noted that the bees’ ability to use such novel stimuli—flashes they would never encounter in their natural environment—to solve tasks flexibly is truly (30) _______. “This finding makes perfect sense, as bees must carefully manage their time while looking for food to maximize rewards and minimize the (31) _______ of returning to the nest,” she said. The study also found that bumblebees are among a small group of animals, including humans and pigeons, that can (32) _______ between short and long flashes, a skill humans use to understand Morse code, where short and long signals represent different letters. While the neural mechanisms(神经机制) behind bees’ (33) _______ ability remain unclear, the team plans to investigate them further in future research. They also aim to study bees living freely in colonies rather than individually, and explore why some bees learn to (34) _______ time duration faster than others. The findings (35) _______ the long-held idea that bees are just instinct-driven machines. Besides, they highlight bees’ complex cognition and offer new insights into how animals perceive time. 21.A. direct B. first C. concrete D. physical 22. A. developed B. possessed C. demonstrated D. underestimated 23. A. abstractly B. carefully C. complexly D. conventionally 24. A. visual B. verbal C. potential D. important 25. A. dark B. wide C. complete D. respective 26. A. short B. bright C. sudden D. complete 27. A. allow for B. look into C. rule out D. open up 28. A. typically B. simply C. specially D. purposefully 29. A. actually B. accidentally C. maximumly D. casually 30. A. unique B. doubtful C. remarkable D. measurable 31. A. fees B. rates C. costs D. losses 32. A. shift B. range C. alternate D. distinguish 33. A. food-seeking B. time-setting C. time-judging D. food-processing 34. A. assess B. reduce C. invest D. combine 35. A. convey B. develop C. explore D. challenge （三） （2025~2026学年松江区二模） Researchers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Yale University have successfully developed a 3D bioprinting method that produces working artificial skin with full blood vessel (血管) networks. This represents an important step forward in making skin ____21____ that can successfully join with the body’s original system. Current medical choices for serious burn sufferers and patients with large wounds remain ____22____. One is self-donated skin transplants. While useful when they work, they may cause new wounds at the donation areas and are often restricted by how much healthy skin is available, which can be very ____23____ for patients with extensive burns. The other choice is the standard artificial skin product, usually made from animal skin. They act as short-term biological coverings that lack functional blood vessels and often meet immune (免疫的) system ____24____. This can cause tissue damage, and the eventual loss of the transplant. More advanced alternatives that can ____25____ human skin’s structure and function are in urgent need. ____26____, the research team uses a special bio-ink to reproduce the skin. They use skin cells from part of a baby’s body to constitute the ____27____. For the underlying layer, they use a mixture of cells from a baby’s blood from the birth cord (脐带) and a sticky substance from rat tails. After the layer-by-layer printing, the cells form detailed blood vessel networks similar to ____28____ blood vessels. Test results have shown outstanding success in animal studies, with artificial skin showing working blood vessels ____29____ the mice’s own blood flow within four weeks. This allows continuous blood flow between the original system and the ____30____ boosting survival and tissue development. Despite these ____31____ developments, a long journey lies ahead before medical use becomes possible. Researchers first need to develop fully ____32____ alternatives because the current use of animal skin risks immune reactions. ____33____, the technology requires further development to include important skin parts such as hair roots and feeling nerves. And skin color control, achievable ____34____ by adding color cells, needs experimental assessment to ensure steady and visually matching results across different patient groups. Though things like overcoming regulatory barriers pose equally critical challenges alongside technical development, the science community widely agrees that 3D bioprinting holds significant potential to ____35____ burn and wound care. 21. A. replacements B. boosters C. dressings D. infections 22. A. complicated B. tough C. unsatisfactory D. conscious 23. A. plentiful B. scarce C. meaningless D. confusing 24. A. recognition B. rejection C. tolerance D. ignorance 25. A. affect B. polish C. alter D. copy 26. A. To set an example B. To compare with this C. To address this D. To make it clear 27. A. edge B. surface C. tip D. structure 28. A. natural B. temporary C. available D. special 29. A. reacting against B. withdrawing from C. settling on D. integrating with 30. A. implant B. donor C. animal D. tissue 31. A. promising B. slight C. expensive D. elementary 32. A. government-funded B. mass-produced C. human-based D. lab-made 33. A. However B. Additionally C. Therefore D. Accordingly 34. A. on purpose B. at random C. by accident D. in theory 35. A. maintain B. transform C. publicize D. enrich （四） （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Letting kids run wild outside A group of children is attempting to move a large stick into place, discussing where it should go. Another child kneels beside a puddle (水坑), drawing a treasure map in the mud. What is ____21____ in this scene? There are no parents standing close by, telling them to “be careful”. This kind of ____22____ adventure — what social media has called “unstructured child summer” — is gaining attention. A study found children spend 35 percent less time playing outdoors than their parents did. Scientists say the ____23____ matters because nature play is good for executive function, emotional regulation and more. Letting children spend their days in wild spaces may look simple, but to the brain, these moments are a ____24____. “Our research shows children allowed to participate in outdoor play become more independent and self-sufficient,” says Martha Thorne, a professor at Queen Maud University College. She adds____25____ play is linked to higher physical and mental well-being, and children who take physical risks often become better at judging other kinds. Thorne notes this kind of play often ____26____ a “flow state,” a sweet spot where challenges are engaging but not overwhelming. In this state, learning potential is at its peak. She also notes nature play is often more ____27____ than playground interactions because it leads to group projects. ____28____inevitably arise, but kids have stronger motivation to work them out, building skills that serve them well throughout life. It is widely claimed that sports and other indoor activities have their benefits, but ____29____ them exclusively means kids aren’t developing executive function skills independently. Without practice navigating trouble or novel situations on their own, teens and young adults may ____30____ when real life doesn’t follow a pattern. It’s usually easier to build these skills early, when brains are most ____31____. “The early years are really formative years for feeling comfortable and capable in nature.” Still, Thorne emphasizes ____32____ over age. She says, “A child should develop at their own pace and overcome challenges step-by-step because then they learn how to ____33____risks and handle them within their level.” Our experiences with nature in childhood have the potential for a lifelong impact. A review of school-led green space programs found ____34____ improvements to students’ mood and peer connection. ____35____, playing with nature isn’t just good for children. It’s good for the balance of nature. People who spend time in nature as children are more likely to care for it as adults. 21. A. confusing B. alarming C. missing D. disappointing 22. A. cautious B. independent C. exclusive D. lonely 23. A. return B. progress C. structure D. trend 24. A. natural break B. mysterious world C. complex network D. training ground 25. A. aimless B. adventurous C. conventional D. demanding 26. A. generates B. affects C. requires D. predicts 27. A. subjective B. available C. cooperative D. fundamental 28. A. Interruptions B. Conflicts C. Solutions D. Details 29. A. getting through B. identifying with C. longing for D. relying on 30. A. adapt B. struggle C. regret D. persevere 31 A. passive B. receptive C. selective D. objective 32. A. speed B. rule C. ability D. nature 33. A. escape B. share C. overlook D. weigh 34. A. rushed B. sustained C. targeted D. limited 35. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise （五） （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） To visitors, the Italian city of Venice displays a splendid picture of historic buildings, waterways, bell towers, and red roofs. Yet the city also features a mighty (威猛的) winged lion, the ____21____ of what was once called the Venetian Republic (697-1797). Lions of various sizes and materials were carved into structures throughout its streets and squares. Among them, perhaps the ____22____ version is a bronze statue standing atop a column near St. Mark’s Square. Now, new evidence suggests that this famous statue may have originated not in Europe, but in China. Using chemical analysis on samples taken from the sculpture, a team from the University of Padua ____23____ the metal used in the statue to the Yangtze River region in China. Their findings ____24____ long-held assumptions about the statue’s origins. For centuries, experts had believed it was crafted either in Italy or the Middle East — yet its stylish uniqueness remained an enduring ____25____. The new discovery may finally help solve that mystery. Though installed in St. Mark’s Square during the 13th century, the lion shows a surprising ____26____ to artwork produced in China during the Tang Dynasty, rather than that found in medieval (中世纪的) Mediterranean Europe. The researchers point to specific features — the shape of its nose, as well as scars (疤痕) indicating the ____27____ of earlier horns — as convincing evidence. Further ____28____ the complexity, the column on which the lion stands is of Middle East origin. And records show the statue has undergone multiple repairs, the earliest dating back to 1293. “It is possible that Marco Polo’s father and uncle, during their four-year stay in China, played a key role in ____29____ the sculpture,” the researchers note. If so, the object they brought back was _____30_____ a zhènmùshòu — a fierce lion-like grave guardian from the Tang Dynasty. Once transported to Italy, the statue was likely “carefully and laboriously reshaped” to _____31_____ the image of the winged lion of St. Mark, they add. The _____32_____ include removing its original horns and adding a stone “wig” — a piece of headwear that signifies power and authority. _____33_____, written records are absent, leaving the exact circumstances of its journey open to interpretation. “Though the installation of the lion was intended to project a(n) _____34_____ political message, we may now also view it as a gentle reminder of the connectedness of the medieval world,” the researchers conclude. Ultimately, the lion is a quiet witness to the hidden _____35_____ that once wove the world together. 21. A. territory B. title C. symbol D. status 22. A. worst-affected B. least-visited C. most-needed D. best-known 23. A. owed B. traced C. dated D. applied 24. A. confirm B. overlook C. challenge D. revise 25. A. puzzle B. ritual C. appeal D. beauty 26. A. comparison B. contrast C. dedication D. similarity 27. A. function B. removal C. renewal D. destruction 28. A. breaking down B. putting aside C. adding to D. taking away 29. A. acquiring B. ruining C. studying D. designing 30. A. eventually B. originally C. controversially D. rarely 31. A. present B. protect C. post D. print 32. A. innovations B. interventions C. decorations D. modifications 33. A. Additionally B. Consequently C. Unfortunately D. Accordingly 34. A. vague B. powerful C. urgent D. dangerous 35. A. treasures B. figures C. threads D. patterns （六） （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Adventure travelers used to represent a small group of brave travelers willing to go to nearly any extreme in pursuit of an extraordinary trip. But more recently, the ranks of adventure travelers are growing, pursuing unforgettable excitement. “Frontier tourism,” as it has been called, is rapidly gaining popularity with the ordinary vacation enthusiast — and this ____21____ dynamic is not without risk for both the planet and the traveler. As unbelievable as it may seem, space travel is generating widespread ____22____. While a space flight might certainly be unforgettable, there are also some health ____23____ to consider. “The extraordinary experience comes with the harsh impacts of radiation and ____24____ gravity,” says an expert. “The change in gravity can put an incredible amount of pressure on the body, increasing the risk of a heart attack.” Space tourists are also ____25____ space rays, which can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risks of eye disease and cancer. Another aspect of frontier tourism involves exploring environments on this planet that remain largely ____26____ by modernization. However, increased travel to these areas drives pollution and upsets the sensitive balance of local ecosystems. The ultimate hiking goal, climbing Mount Qomolangma, provides a vivid ____27____ of this. Hikes to the peak have seen an enormous rise in interest in recent years. The ____28____ mountain is left covered with some 75 tons of waste each season at its base camp. Farther up the mountain, beyond base camp, another 50 tons of waste are left by travelers seeking to make it to the mountain’s peak. Frontier tourism is also having a harmful impact on ____29____ destinations such as Antarctica. The ____30____ of these fantastic locations is the opportunity to see breathtaking glaciers (冰川) and diverse wildlife, particularly as the rapidly warming planet destroys those very glaciers and makes ____31____ ever more difficult for the region’s wildlife. What’s worse, it’s a severe ____32____. The growing crowds are doing harm in the form of an even larger carbon footprint, one that’s worsening global warming issues further. According to the International Union for Conservation for Nature (IUCN), ____33____ regulations are not enough to protect the environment from tourism impacts. The IUCN report goes on to stress that growing tourism ____34____ are causing penguin (企鹅) species to change their reproductive and social behaviors. So is frontier tourism a development that’s likely to continue ____35____? Indeed, this type of tourism also requires “high responsibility from tourists and tour operators.” 21. A. enduring B. emerging C. intervening D. competing 22. A. panic B. adoption C. perception D. appeal 23. A. benefits B. consequences C. treatments D. experiments 24. A. altered B. artificial C. specific D. intense 25. A. prohibited by B. protected against C. exposed to D. excluded from 26. A. influenced B. dominated C. uninsured D. untouched 27. A. example B. memory C. contrast D. symbol 28. A. overlooked B. underpopulated C. overcrowded D. underestimated 29. A. jammed B. nasty C. potential D. delicate 30. A. draw B. flexibility C. anchor D. practicability 31. A. feeding B. breathing C. survival D. restoration 32. A. cycle B. format C. forecast D. complication 33. A. strict B. existing C. global D. proposed 34. A. facilities B. arrivals C. destinations D. boosters 35. A. unnoticed B. unchanged C. unchecked D. undamaged （七） （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） A new artificial intelligence-powered stethoscope, a device that medical experts use to listen to sounds in the body such as a heartbeat, can detect three different heart conditions in 15 seconds. More than one million people across the UK are now affected by heart failure, a(n) ____21____ where the heart can’t make blood flow properly because of weak muscle function. One ____22____ is shortness of breath, but it is frequently ignored. As a result, 70% of people only have the condition ____23____ after they have been rushed to hospital. The new device, developed by a team at Imperial College London and the National Health Service, looks about the ____24____ of a playing card. Doctors put it on a patient’s chest and it records the electrical signals in the heart and listens to the sound of blood flowing through the organ. Then, this ____25____ is sent to an AI system. The system then ____26____ it against data from thousands of other people to see if there’s a problem, and the result is immediately sent to a smartphone. Scientists looked at what happened to patients whose doctors examined them with a(n) ____27____ stethoscope, and those whose doctors used the AI one. The study included more than 12,700 people at about 200 GP (全科医生) surgeries in north London over the course of a year. This study found that the AI stethoscope was able to detect ____28____ heart activity that a doctor might miss with a regular one. Patients ____29____ with the AI stethoscope were twice as likely to have their heart failure spotted. The device was also 3.5 times more likely to find atrial fibrillation, namely an irregular heartbeat. It was also better at ____30____ whether one or more of a patient’s heart valves, which are like doors to the different sections in the heart and control blood flow, were not working properly. There are some problems to be solved, though. The AI stethoscope often told patients that they could be ____31____ heart failure when they weren’t. The researchers said that the ____32____ should only be used when GPs suspected that their patient had heart problems, and not for routine checks on healthy people. “This is an elegant example of how the ____33____ stethoscope, invented more than 200 years ago, can be upgraded for the 21st century,” said Dr Sonya Babu-Narayan, from the British Heart Foundation charity. “We need ____34____ like these, providing early detection of heart failure.” ____35____, she said, the condition can be quite advanced by the time the patient goes to hospital feeling unwell. 21. A. situation B. disorder C. framework D. platform 22. A. figure B. role C. sign D. location 23. A. upgraded B. overlooked C. confirmed D. registered 24. A. value B. size C. symbol D. clue 25. A. information B. analysis C. sample D. card 26. A. compares B. protects C. balances D. exchanges 27. A. experimental B. virtual C. durable D. traditional 28. A. strong B. initial C. instant D. unusual 29. A. supported B. examined C. equipped D. defended 30. A. picking up B. turning down C. making for D. taking over 31. A. classifying B. experiencing C. measuring D. controlling 32. A. research B. solution C. section D. device 33. A. useless B. advanced C. humble D. remote 34. A. innovations B. suspicions C. evaluations D. conclusions 35. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Otherwise （八） （2025~2026学年静安区二模） How Archaeology Changed from Digging to Protecting The word “archaeology” comes from the Greek word arkhaios, which means “ancient.” Although some archaeologists study living ____21____, most focus on the distant past. For thousands of years, people have searched for and dug up ancient monuments, often not as scholars but as grave robbers whose only goal was to steal valuables quickly, caring little about the structures around them. Their actions ____22____ caused damage to historical sites. In ancient Egypt, grave robbing was so common that many tombs had hidden rooms where families placed treasures. This problem ____23____ for centuries. In the 1800s, the tomb of Pharaoh (法老) Ramses I, who ruled briefly in the 1290s BCE, was discovered and stolen. It contained pottery, paintings, sculptures, and the pharaoh’s mummy, which eventually ended up in a museum before being returned to Egypt in 2003. ____24____, grave robbers never discovered the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut. His resting place lay ____25____ for thousands of years until it was discovered in 1922. The tomb contained the mummies of Tutankhamun and his family, along with thousands of artifacts (文物), providing ____26____ insights into ancient Egyptian life. It remains one of the most well-known archaeological ____27____ in history. Early archaeology was also closely linked to ____28____ and colonial (殖民的) power. When Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798, he brought artists and scholars to document the conquest, while his troops ____29____ hundreds of tons of artifacts, many of which now fill the Louvre. Similarly, wealthy adventurers from Western colonial powers ____30____ digs in Greece and elsewhere. Although they were often genuinely interested in the past, their work was ____31____ to colonialism, as seen in the case of the Elgin Marbles, which Greece has long requested returned as part of its cultural heritage. Such activities highlight both the historical fascination with ancient civilizations and the ethical (伦理的) challenges that ____32____ early archaeology. Over time, archaeology became more ____33____. Scientists began using standard measurements and formalized methods for recording and removing artifacts. Detailed drawings of dig sites and individual items became standard, and archaeologists collaborated with historians and linguists to create a unified ____34____ of the past. In the 20th century, archaeologists also ____35____ their ethical responsibilities. Today, most countries recognize that archaeological remains belong to the nation where they are found, reflecting a growing respect for cultural heritage and the protection of history. 21. A. sculptures B. cultures C. populations D. creatures 22. A. barely B. randomly C. inevitably D. slightly 23. A. persisted B. burst C. emerged D. arose 24. A. Similarly B. What’s more C. As a result D. By contrast 25. A. undervalued B. unsupervised C. misinterpreted D. undisturbed 26. A. innocent B. invaluable C. greedy D. artificial 27. A. features B. reserves C. finds D. regrets 28. A. voluntary B. literal C. military D. religious 29. A. celebrated B. donated C. removed D. launched 30. A. drew on B. carried out C. depended on D. objected to 31. A. delivered B. opposed C. unexposed D. tied 32. A. accompanied B. diversified C. branded D. embraced 33. A. theoretical B. mysterious C. transitional D. systematic 34. A. instinct B. rhythm C. prediction D. picture 35. A. denied B. simplified C. reassessed D. misrepresented （九） （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） Dressing for Success Oliver knew that clothes make the man. As the CEO of a successful tech startup, he made it a ____21____ to dress the part, always looking professional. Today, he was dressed to kill in a blue suit, white shirt and silk tie. He was ready to introduce his company’s latest innovation to some ____22____ investors. Oliver’s assistant, Emma, was in the office early, ____23____ everything was set for the presentation. She also had a genius for fashion and always looked perfect, even when she was doing ____24____ tasks. Today, she was dressed to the nines in a fashionable black dress and high heels. When the investors arrived, Oliver noticed that Mr. Thompson was dressed somewhat out of fashion. He was wearing an out-of-date suit that had seen better days. But Oliver ____25____ himself to not judge a book by its cover. Mr. Thompson had a reputation for being an intelligent and wise investor ____26____ his old hat appearance. The meeting began, and Oliver ____27____ into his sales speech. He wore his heart on his sleeve as he spoke about the potential impact of his company’s new product. During the meeting, Oliver noticed that another investor, Ms. Delgado, seemed ____28____ with his presentation. She was known for her fashion-forward sense and often made a fashion statement with her ____29____ choices. Today was no different; she was wearing a striking red suit that turned heads. At the end of the presentation, the investors were visibly ____30____. Mr. Thompson shook Oliver’s hand, “You’ve knocked our socks off. I see a bright future, and we want to be part of it.” Ms. Delgado added, “I agree. You’ve ____31____ thought this through, and you even dress the part. It’s ____32____ to see someone who understands the power of a strong image.” Oliver thanked everyone and promised to keep them ____33____. As the investors left, Emma turned to Oliver. “That was amazing. I think it’s safe to say we’re going ____34____.” Oliver smiled. “Thanks, Emma. I couldn’t have done it without your support.” Oliver realized that while looking the part was important, having a team that supported you was ____35____. They had shown that success came from a mixture of style, substance and enthusiasm. 21. A. proposal B. point C. schedule D. regulation 22. A. efficient B. long-term C. potential D. beneficial 23. A. making sure B. making a promise C. preparing for D. substituting for 24. A. special B. professional C. significant D. everyday 25. A. reminded B. obliged C. convinced D. doubted 26. A. in response to B. in addition to C. in spite of D. in case of 27. A. looked B. translated C. transferred D. launched 28. A. confused B. surprised C. exhausted D. taken 29. A. brave B. intelligent C. cautious D. critical 30. A. praised B. impressed C. enclosed D. trapped 31. A. willingly B. subjectively C. clearly D. objectively 32. A. inspiring B. disappointing C. astonishing D. demanding 33. A. fascinated B. relaxed C. amused D. updated 34. A. homes B. boards C. places D. forwards 35. A. protective B. invaluable C. cooperative D. ambitious （十） （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） As the holiday season draws near, one category on people’s gift lists is causing increasing concern: products with artificial intelligence. The development has raised new concerns about the dangers smart toys could pose to ____21____, as consumer advocacy groups say AI could harm kids’ safety and development. The trend has ____22____ calls for increased testing of such products and governmental oversight. Last month, those fears were given disturbing ____23____ when an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children. The product, FoloToy’s Kumma, ran on an AI model and suggested role play as ways to enhance a relationship, according to the Public Interest Research Group (PIRG), the consumer protection organization behind the study. “It took very little effort to get it to go into all kinds of ____24____ topics; and probably a lot of content that parents would not want their children to ____25____,” said Teresa Murray, PIRG director. Murray said AI toys could be particularly dangerous because whereas earlier smart toys provided children-programmed responses, a bot can “have a free-flowing conversation with a child and there are no ____26____”. Companies also use the AI toys to collect ____27____ from children and have not been open about what they are doing with that information. That potentially puts users ____28____ because of a lack of security around such data. ____29____ such concerns, the Public Interest Research Group is not calling for a ban on AI toys. Some could have ____30____ value, such as helping children learn a second language or state capitals. There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children and, until that is done, they should be ____31____ shelves, Murray said. AI toys are being marketed to families as safe and even beneficial to learning before their impact has been ____32____ by independent research. By contrast, ____33____ teddy bears and toys have been proven to benefit children’s development with none of the risks of AI toys. Mattel, a toy company, stated that they are concerned about “the impact of AI toys on ____34____ mental health” and that “its first products with AI are not intended for users under 13”, adding: “AI enhances — not ____35____ — traditional play, and we are emphasizing safety, privacy, creativity and responsible innovation.” 21. A. companies B. schools C. seniors D. children 22. A. generated B. answered C. avoided D. delayed 23. A. imagination B. justification C. hesitation D. assumption 24. A. academic B. attractive C. sensitive D. technical 25. A. be opposed to B. be exposed to C. be related to D. be applied to 26. A. advantages B. connections C. boundaries D. resources 27. A. data B. feedback C. prizes D. opinions 28. A. at ease B. at length C. at risk D. at fault 29. A. Beyond B. Besides C. Despite D. Unlike 30. A. commercial B. educational C. geometric D. geographic 31. A. taken on B. sent off C. pulled from D. wiped off 32. A. assessed B. witnessed C. replaced D. overlooked 33. A. antique B. expensive C. electronic D. offline 34. A. masses’ B. minors’ C. majors’ D. majorities’ 35. A. replaces B. reserves C. resolves D. reverses （十一） （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） When AI Teammates Come on Board, Performance Drops Researchers studied the impact of artificial intelligence on team functioning. They asked 110 two-person groups to play 12 rounds of a video game in which participants had to collect ingredients for a recipe. After the first six rounds, one member of some teams was ____21____ by an intelligent agent. Over the next six rounds, those groups gathered, on average, three fewer ingredients than groups that remained in their original ____22____. The conclusion: When AI teammates come on board, performance drops. ____23____ studies have already explored the impact of artificial intelligence on individual and firm productivity, but the researchers aimed to understand how AI affects organizational teams internally. ____24____, most work is done in teams. They were curious about the consequences of adding intelligent agents to teams, not just for the people interacting directly with those agents. The researchers also sought to examine what impact it had on the behavior and attitudes of colleagues who ____25____ those interactions. In the rounds of individual play, the AI players proved far superior to human players. In fact, only 3% of human players ____26____ the AI players. The team results were a different story. In the initial round after the AI players joined, teams with an AI member gathered 8% fewer ingredients, on average, than teams that kept their ____27____ members. The performance ____28____ narrowed by half over the next four rounds and disappeared in the final round. But even if short-lived, a 4% drop in performance is significant, ____29____ for a large organization with multiple AI projects underway. Despite the AI’s superior individual performance and the fact that ____30____ were given to the entire team if it performed well, 84% of respondents preferred to play with their human teammates. Surveys of participants showed that AI reduces team sociability and thus ____31____ members’ motivation, effort, and trust. Interestingly, all-human teams playing alongside an AI-and-human team also saw drops in performance in the first round after the teammate change. These ____32____ contributed equally to the overall productivity loss. This is called the spillover effect, similar to what happens in an organization when an employee departs and ____33____ cooperative practices are upset. ____34____ and processes are disturbed, which harms performance. The same was true in the experiment. Those teams, despite not undergoing a direct change, encountered indirect challenges in ____35____ to the new AI-influenced dynamics within the interconnected environment. 21. A. defeated B. dominated C. replaced D. imitated 22. A. position B. composition C. technique D. resource 23. A. Subsequent B. Prior C. Primitive D. Comprehensive 24. A. In turn B. By contrast C. After all D. For instance 25. A. observed B. recorded C. facilitated D. demanded 26. A. underdid B. overestimated C. underrated D. outperformed 27. A. original B. senior C. cooperative D. core 28. A. level B. gap C. style D. standard 29. A. specially B. specifically C. especially D. inevitably 30. A. titles B. warnings C. assistances D. rewards 31. A. boosts B. shapes C. lessens D. reflects 32. A. paces B. declines C. traces D. rises 33. A. forced B. matched C. varied D. established 34. A. Routines B. Transitions C. Occupations D. Elements 35. A. applying B. objecting C. sticking D. adapting （十二） （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） In ancient history, the soldiers of Sparta were known for their strong commitment to the group. It is believed that they fought fearlessly because they put the ____21____ above any individual soldier. This idea of ____22____ oneself for the community can also be observed in the tiny world of bacteria. Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial ____23____ system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks. A new study, led by biochemist Mindaugas Zaremba at Vilnius University, published in Cell Research, explained how this system works on a ____24____ level. By studying SPARDA in different bacteria, the team identified an important part of the system they called the beta-relay. The beta-relay works like a ____25____ in the SPARDA system. When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it remain ____26____. Once foreign DNA, such as a virus, is ____27____, the beta-relay changes its shape and turns “on.” This transformation allows its proteins to connect with each other, forming long chains to ____28____ the enemy as well as the host. “SPARDA systems were demonstrated to protect bacteria from viruses by degrading the DNA of both ____29____ cells and viruses. They killed the host but at the same time prevented further spread of the infection within the bacterial population.” Zaremba said. SPARDA is essential for bacterial defense, but Zaremba’s team argues that the system could also help ____30____ in medical diagnosis. SPARDA is the final line for bacterial cells, which is activated only when an infection is present. Therefore, SPARDA includes an accurate ____31____ mechanism for spotting foreign DNA that would launch self-destruction. Researchers could ____32____ the system for medical diagnostics, Zaremba suggested, which means the beta-relay could be altered to function only when the target gene is identified. ____33____, imagine it would react only to the genetic material of HIV. But the benefits of SPARDA don’t stop there. Traditional diagnostic tools have an obvious ____34____: they can only work when viruses contain a specific genetic code called PAM. “We already know that SPARDA systems do not require PAM,” Zaremba said. “This makes SPARDA more ____35____, and it could help scientists detect a wider variety of germs and viruses. Understanding how this system works may help us solve some of the big challenges in science.” 21. A. king B. battle C. state D. honour 22. A. enjoying B. protecting C. celebrating D. sacrificing 23. A. control B. defense C. network D. information 24. A. micro B. global C. practical D. historical 25. A. bridge B. barrier C. switch D. vehicle 26. A. inactive B. unsure C. available D. energetic 27. A. revised B. detected C. released D. eliminated 28. A. destroy B. restore C. examine D. identify 29. A. infected B. healthy C. foreign D. unknown 30. A. humans B. planets C. organisms D. ecosystems 31. A. regulation B. measurement C. recognition D. transportation 32. A. reduce B. return C. reproduce D. repurpose 33. A. In fact B. As a result C. In addition D. For example 34. A. danger B. feature C. advantage D. limitation 35. A. rigid B. risky C. flexible D. innovative （十三） （2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Lawbreakers increasingly use generative AI to mimic (模仿) real people’s voices and cheat their loved ones out of money. And there’s a simple solution to this ____21____ problem: a code word. If you receive a call from someone who sounds just like your grandson and says he needs money, the best thing to do is hang up and call your grandson. But if the voice is so ____22____ that you can’t bear to do that, ask for your family code word. If the caller can’t produce it, hang up. ____23____, if you are in trouble and need to call a loved one for help, say the code word so your relative knows it’s really you. Here are some tips on how to create and ____24____ a family code word: .1. Keep it simple but ____25____. The code word (or phrase) should be easy to remember and something only family members would know. Lawbreakers can find out a lot about you online, including on social media and ____26____ available databases. Don’t use a word they could ____27____, such as the name of your street or pet. Instead, choose from entertaining family ____28____, like an inside joke or your baby’s first word. .2. Keep it safe. If you worry you’ll forget the code word, you could store it in a password manager. If you write it down, ____29____ the paper. .3. Keep the circle ____30____. Only share the code word with close and trusted family members, and do it in person or over the phone. The wider the circle, the riskier it gets. .4. Have a Plan B. Some families prefer to have a code question to which only a family member would know the answer. In the event that a caller could guess the right answer, have a(n) ____31____ question as well — a type of two-factor confirmation. .5. Don’t change the code word unless you need to. A ____32____ in family dynamics — such as a relative getting broken up with a mate who knew the code — could justify a change. But if you’re confident there’s no ____33____ in the circle of code-word holders, there’s no need to change it. Introducing a new word could cause ____34____, like forgetting which is the latest version. ● The warning: There are situations where a code might not be appropriate. Some people might not be able to remember the word or think to ask for one. In that case, it’s probably best to ____35____ calls by blocking unknown numbers. 21. A. age-old B. high-tech C. number-one D. substance-abuse 22. A. commanding B. convincing C. pleasant D. smooth 23. A. Consequently B. Contrarily C. Likewise D. Nevertheless 24. A. break B. issue C. manage D. pronounce 25. A. digital B. professional C. strict D. strong 26. A. commercially B. instantly C. locally D. publicly 27. A. coin B. guess C. translate D. understand 28. A. accounts B. commitments C. members D. ties 29. A. hide B. recycle C. tear D. unfold 30. A. charmed B. complete C. tight D. widening 31. A. backup B. multiple-choice C. open-ended D. specific 32. A. balance B. pattern C. presence D. shift 33. A. break B. cash C. security D. trap 34. A. confusion B. debate C. intervention D. misunderstanding 35. A. finish B. handle C. limit D. trace （十四） （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Who, or what, do you trust? Every day, we turn to the internet to ____21____: should we stay at that hotel, eat at this restaurant, ride with that driver? We have become so used to the large-scale insights provided by ____22____, many of us wouldn’t even buy a toaster without first checking reviews. Their accessibility and apparent authority mean that simply picking an appliance at random is almost ____23____ — why wouldn’t you ask Google first? And yet, when it comes to many more fundamental choices — like what we choose to study — we often trust our instincts. This, argues economist Seth Davidowitz, is where we are going wrong. ____24____, following our instincts can lead us to act on hidden prejudices or to keep following dead-end paths. In his new book Don’t Trust Your Gut: Using data instead of instinct to make better choices, Seth Davidowitz brings together “credible answers to ____25____ questions” as revealed by vast online data, so we can apply them in order to be more successful and happier. “While we often think we know how to better ourselves, the numbers, it turns out, ____26____,” he writes. Some findings are indeed ____27____, going against common belief — for example, the overstated advantage of youth in starting a business. Others, however, may be more ____28____ expectations: we often overestimate the pleasure of passive activities such as snacking and watching TV. Research by the London School of Economics found that even relaxing tends to make people feel less ____29____ than anticipated. On the other hand, we underestimate the ____30____ to our mood from visiting museums or libraries. From work to relationships, Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for ____31____ on key decisions and, where possible, tries it out for himself. In his book he writes that he used AI, market research and statistical analysis — putting more than 100 edited images of himself into an online survey — to find out that people generally prefer him with glasses and a beard. Though entertaining, his book is most ____32____ when it challenges popular assumptions and demonstrates what works best for most people, so that all of us might learn from their example. But his somewhat idealist view of data may create a ____33____ with a world already transformed by it. ____34____ may not lie, as Seth Davidowitz writes — but nor do they reveal the complete, complex picture, especially when they are controlled by corporate interests. When our ____35____ is already being shaped by data in ways of which we aren’t aware, perhaps success isn’t always a matter of making the right decision. 21. A. make decisions B. express opinions C. gain knowledge D. achieve success 22. A. experience B. freedom C. technology D. power 23. A. rewarding B. exhausting C. effortless D. unthinkable 24. A. By contrast B. After all C. Even so D. In short 25. A. important B. obvious C. factual D. uncomfortable 26. A. remain B. disagree C. approve D. vary 27. A. misleading B. original C. surprising D. experimental 28. A. dependent on B. beneficial to C. consistent with D. strict about 29. A. attentive B. confused C. confident D. happy 30. A. boost B. cost C. risk D. boredom 31. A. convenience B. guidance C. diversity D. precision 32. A. recreational B. complicated C. popular D. practical 33. A. conflict B. conversation C. balance D. relationship 34. A. Books B. Resources C. Numbers D. Instincts 35. A. identity B. behaviour C. status D. reputation （十五） （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. On a spring afternoon in Beijing's 798 Art District, French tourist Olivier Dumont slipped on a virtual reality headset and found himself (21) _______ a spacecraft speeding toward Mars. The 53-year-old TV producer had just stepped into 798 Hyper Vision, a modest three-story building spanning 3,500 square meters—China's first theater (22) _______ entirely to VR film releases. Though China is the world's second-largest movie market after North America, this (23) _______offers something traditional cinemas cannot. "It was very well made. You feel that you're moving when you're standing still," Dumont said, noting that unlike the "passive" experience of (24) _______ film, VR placed him "inside" the story. Nearby, Beijing resident Li Shuai, 32, embarked on a journey to the Tang Dynasty. In a space (25) _______ as an ancient inn, staff in period costume greeted visitors before they put on headsets and found themselves on the bustling streets of Chang'an, tasked with solving a (26) _______ alongside two detectives. "The special effects and plot made me feel like I'd dropped into the ancient world," Li said. Since the China Film Administration (27) _______ its first VR film release license just over a year ago, the industry has grown rapidly. Dedicated VR theaters have opened in cities including Zhengzhou and Guiyang. The upcoming Beijing International Film Festival will (28) _______ a VR competition section for the first time—a sign of the format's growing (29) _______. Qian Keda, project manager at 798 Hyper Vision, said the place has welcomed over 80,000 visitors since opening last May, with (30) _______ attendance rising thanks to relaxed visa policies. The theater currently screens 15 VR films across seven themed spaces. Offerings (31) _______ from Strange Tales of Tang Dynasty: To the West, which Li experienced, to The Recluse Dongpo, a retelling of the exiled Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo's journey. "Most VR films have English subtitles, and some have English dubs," Qian said. Most run about 30 minutes—a comfortable (32) _______ for audiences to stand and move with the characters. Chinese mythology has also found new life in VR. Nobody, a spin-off of the 2025 blockbuster inspired by the 16th-century (33) _______ Journey to the West, is a visitor favorite. After the film, a young boy told his father, "I turned into the piggy monster and helped you fight a group of ferocious enemies." From his proud, (34) _______ face, you could glimpse the thrill of wearing a mask—not for (35) _______, but for becoming. Tickets for Nobody are 128 yuan ($18.55); the other 14 films cost 99 yuan each. 21. A. against B. for C. outward D. aboard 22. A. inspired B. dedicated C. distracted D. facilitated 23. A. venue B. gymnasium C. institution D. garage 24. A. international B. universal C. conventional D. substantial 25. A. submitted B. anticipated C. implemented D. designed 26. A. mystery B. comedy C. empathy D. geometry 27. A. issued B. addressed C. idealized D. liberated 28. A. maintain B. feature C. postpone D. reinforce 29. A. anniversary B. association C. combination D. recognition 30. A. domestic B. desperate C. foreign D. enthusiastic 31. A. result B. range C. suffer D. benefit 32. A. integrity B. presentation C. length D. morality 33. A. novel B. organization C. patriotism D. rhythm 34. A. straightforward B. innocent C. ultimate D. realistic 35. A. participating B. opposing C. hiding D. negotiating （十六） （2025~2026学年青浦区二模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Camera traps, once beloved tools for wildlife enthusiasts to capture animal moments, have progressed into powerful scientific instruments revealing a groundbreaking truth: most mammals (哺乳动物) do not keep to fixed daily schedules. Instead, they flexibly    21    their activity patterns to avoid human presence. A groundbreaking global study published in Science Advances, employing 8.9 million observations from over 20,000 camera trap sites across 38 countries and six continents, has overturned decades of conventional classifications of animal behavior. For generations, scientists categorized mammals into fixed groups: day-active, night-active, dawn-and-dusk-active, or active all the time. However, this research — led by over 200 international researchers — uncovered that only 39% of the 445 studied species fit neatly into these boxes. A striking 74% regularly shifted their behavior    22    environmental changes and human activities, demonstrating remarkable behavioral flexibility. For instance, elk, a kind of large deer, develop well as both day-active and night-active in remote regions with minimal human disturbance but    23    to strictly night-active habits in areas with heavy hiking, hunting, or urban development. Gray foxes and wild snowshoe rabbits exhibited similar adaptive shifts,    24    survival over fixed routines. This behavioral adjustment is a critical survival    25   . Human activities often damage animals’ access to food, water, shelter, or breeding opportunities. By altering when they search for food or reproduce, mammals reduce direct    26    with humans and ease stress. The camera trap data — collected from backyards to wilderness — has created the largest standardized wildlife activity database, offering incomparable    27    into how humans shape the natural world. The study challenges the belief that mammals’ activity patterns are    28    fixed. Camera trap data proves most species modify their habits based on    29    factors, especially in high-human-activity regions where animals change their natural schedules to avoid contact. These shifts are calculated survival responses: when resources are disturbed, mammals shift their active periods to    30    risk. Beyond reshaping scientific understanding, these findings have practical    31    for conservation. Knowing species avoid humans by shifting to night activity guides wildlife managers in designing protection plans. What began as a way to take animal photos has become a tool that deepens our    32    of human-wildlife coexistence. This new understanding also encourages us to    33    our own behaviour to better share the planet. For conservationists, the findings offer clear    34    for protection plans, reducing human-wildlife conflict and promoting harmonious coexistence. As human impact grows, recognizing these adaptive shifts will be    35    to preserving biodiversity. 21. A. devote B. adjust C. track D. generate 22. A. in response to B. in contrast to C. in reference to D. in proportion to 23. A. respond B. object C. contribute D. switch 24. A. ruling B. spreading C. prioritizing D. taking 25. A. gesture B. strategy C. target D. exchange 26. A. conflict B. cooperation C. negotiation D. coexistence 27. A. admissions B. division C. insights D. introduction 28. A. temporarily B. accidentally C. occasionally D. naturally 29. A. unknown B. particular C. external D. sustainable 30. A. multiply B. detect C. minimize D. overcome 31. A. distractions B. limitations C. transformations D. implications 32. A. confusion B. comprehension C. ignorance D. inspiration 33. A. regulate B. classify C. conceal D. suspect 34. A. criticisms B. guidelines C. preference D. distinction 35. A. contrary B. irrelevant C. secondary D. crucial 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 完形填空 编者按：2026年上海十六区高三二模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. With society placing increasing pressure on achievement, it is understandable that people tend to hide their weaknesses. However, this tendency may bring ____21____ consequences. I learned this lesson during a hiking trip. As a beginner, I found the journey extremely ____22____. Even without carrying heavy equipment, I struggled to keep up with the group. Although I was slowing everyone down, I chose to remain ____23____, hoping others would not notice my difficulty. To my surprise, one of the more experienced hikers suggested taking a break. At that moment, I noticed a sense of ____24____ spreading among the group. It then became clear that I was not alone in ____25____ my discomfort. Many of us had been trying to present a stronger image than reality. For many people, being authentic — showing one’s true self — is far from ____26____. As social beings, we are used to adapting to our environment, which makes it difficult to ____27____ what we really think. We often assume that hiding our weaknesses will help us leave a more ____28____ impression on others. Yet both research and experience suggest otherwise. The ____29____ of authenticity are becoming increasingly apparent. In fact, studies show that authentic individuals not only feel more engaged but also help create a more supportive environment. Their behavior can gradually ____30____ the attitudes of those around them. Even people who do not intend to be authentic may begin to change. In this way, authenticity does not remain a personal quality but begins to ____31____ within a group, shaping the overall work atmosphere. One explanation for this effect is that authentic people do not place self-protection above everything else. ____32____, they try to balance their own needs and those of others, creating a sense of psychological safety. As a result, others feel ____33____ when sharing their true feelings. Over time, such an atmosphere encourages cooperation and openness. Therefore, by focusing less on appearing hardworking and more on becoming well-rounded individuals, we can make a lasting ____34____ in our environment. At the same time, we may inspire others to follow our ____35____. In the end, authenticity proves to be not a weakness, but a powerful strategy for building better relationships. 21. A. emotional B. negative C. serious D. immediate 22. A. lonely B. enjoyable C. exciting D. demanding 23. A. relaxed B. active C. silent D. patient 24. A. relief B. support C. confidence D. tension 25. A. admitting B. noticing C. hiding D. ignoring 26. A. ideal B. natural C. comfortable D. easy 27. A. accept B. express C. discover D. prove 28. A. positive B. lasting C. noticeable D. accurate 29. A. benefits B. forms C. features D. elements 30. A. reflect B. influence C. match D. determine 31. A. disappear B. develop C. spread D. return 32. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Instead 33. A. under pressure B. at ease C. on edge D. under protection 34. A. difference B. plan C. comparison D. promise 35. A. advice B. achievement C. rule D. example 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们倾向于隐藏弱点，但真实做自己有诸多好处，真实会在群体中传播并营造良好氛围，我们应做真实的自己。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种趋势可能会带来负面后果。A. emotional情绪的；B. negative负面的；C. serious严肃的；D. immediate立即的。根据前文“it is understandable that people tend to hide their weaknesses.”以及后文“I learned this lesson during a hiking trip.”可知，作者在徒步旅行中隐藏弱点带来问题，所以此处表示的是这种趋势会带来负面后果。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个初学者，我发现这段旅程极其艰难。A. lonely孤独的；B. enjoyable愉快的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. demanding要求高的，艰难的。根据后文“Even without carrying heavy equipment, I struggled to keep up with the group”可知，作者发现旅程是艰难的。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我拖慢了大家的速度，但我选择保持沉默，希望别人不会注意到我的困难。A. relaxed放松的；B. active积极的；C. silent沉默的；D. patient耐心的。根据下文“hoping others would not notice my difficulty”可知，作者选择沉默，希望别人没有注意到自己面临的困难。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，我注意到一种宽慰的情绪在团队中蔓延开来。A. relief宽慰；B. support支持；C. confidence信心；D. tension紧张。根据前文“Although I was slowing everyone down, I chose to remain ____, hoping others would not notice my difficulty.”以及“To my surprise, one of the more experienced hikers suggested taking a break.”可知，虽然作者很累，但是仍然保持沉默，所以当有经验的人建议休息时，大家会感觉宽慰。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后很明显，在隐藏自己的不适方面，我并不孤单。A. admitting承认；B. noticing注意到；C. hiding隐藏；D. ignoring忽视。根据前文“Although I was slowing everyone down, I chose to remain ____, hoping others would not notice my difficulty.”以及下文“Many of us had been trying to present a stronger image than reality”可知，作者隐藏自己的困难，此处表示很多人在隐藏自己的不适。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对很多人来说，做真实的自己——展示真实的自我——远非易事。A. ideal理想的；B. natural自然的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. easy容易的。根据后文“we are used to adapting to our environment, which makes it difficult to ____ what we really think.”可知，此处表示做真实的自己不容易。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为社会人，我们习惯于适应环境，这使得我们很难表达自己的真实想法。A. accept接受；B. express表达；C. discover发现；D. prove证明。根据上文“we are used to adapting to our environment”以及下文“We often assume that hiding our weaknesses will help us leave a more ____ impression on others.”可知，大家习惯于适应环境，隐藏自己的弱点，所以此处表示大家很难表达真实想法。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们常常认为，隐藏自己的弱点会给他人留下更积极的印象。A. positive积极的；B. lasting持久的；C. noticeable明显的；D. accurate准确的。根据上文“hiding our weaknesses”以及常识可知，隐藏弱点，会给他人留下积极的印象。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：真实的好处正变得越来越明显。A. benefits好处；B. forms形式；C. features特点；D. elements元素。根据后文“In fact, studies show that authentic individuals not only feel more engaged but also help create a more supportive environment.”可知，此处表示的是真实的好处变得明显。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的行为可以逐渐影响周围人的态度。A. reflect反映；B. influence影响；C. match匹配；D. determine决定。根据“Even people who do not intend to be authentic may begin to change.”可知，真实的人的行为会影响周围人的态度。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，真实不再是一种个人品质，而是开始在群体中传播，塑造整体的工作氛围。A. disappear消失；B. develop发展；C. spread传播；D. return返回。根据下文“within a group, shaping the overall work atmosphere.”可知，此处表示真实在群体中传播。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们试图平衡自己和他人的需求，创造一种心理安全感。A. Moreover而且；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Instead相反。根据上文“One explanation for this effect is that authentic people do not place self-protection above everything else.”以及“they try to balance their own needs and those of others, creating a sense of psychological safety.”可知，前后句子之间是相反关系，应使用instead表示“相反”。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，当分享自己的真实感受时，其他人会感到轻松自在。A. under pressure在压力下；B. at ease轻松自在；C. on edge紧张不安；D. under protection在保护下。根据上文“they try to balance their own needs and those of others, creating a sense of psychological safety.”可知，分享真实感会让他人感到轻松自在。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，通过少关注表现得勤奋，多关注成为全面发展的人，我们可以在我们的环境中产生持久的影响。A. difference不同，影响；B. plan计划；C. comparison比较；D. promise承诺。根据上文“by focusing less on appearing hardworking and more on becoming well-rounded individuals,”以及语境可知，此处表示可以在大家的环境中产生影响，make a difference是固定短语，意为“产生影响”。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，我们可能会激励他人以我们为榜样。A. advice建议；B. achievement成就；C. rule规则；D. example榜样。根据上文“we may inspire others”可知，他人可能被激励，会将我们作为榜样，follow one’s example是固定短语，意为“以某人为榜样”。故选D。 （二） （2025~2026学年金山区二模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A new study has found that bumblebees can process the duration of light flashes and use this information to find food. This is the (21) _______ evidence of such an ability in insects, according to Elisabetta Versace from Queen Mary University of London. Versace told CNN that the finding could settle a long-standing debate among scientists about whether insects are able to process complex patterns, as many experts previously (22) _______ their cognitive(认知) abilities. “In the past, people thought insects were just simple reflex machines without any flexibility,” Versace explained. To test their idea and prove that bees could process time-related information, the researchers built a(n) (23) _______ designed maze(迷宫) where individual bumblebees traveled when leaving their nests for food. In the maze, the bees were shown two distinct (24) _______ clues: one circle that flashed briefly for 0.5 seconds and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds. When the bees approached these (25) _______ circles, they found sweet, preferred food at one and bitter, unwanted food at the other. Even though the circles’ positions changed in each part of the maze, the bees gradually learned over time to fly toward the (26) _______ flash, which was consistently linked to the sweet food. To (27) _______ the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and her team members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all. They found that the bees could still tell the circles apart based (28) _______ on flash duration, not other potential cues like color or shape. “This shows the bees are (29) _______ using the time difference between the flashes to guide their food-seeking choices,” she said. Versace noted that the bees’ ability to use such novel stimuli—flashes they would never encounter in their natural environment—to solve tasks flexibly is truly (30) _______. “This finding makes perfect sense, as bees must carefully manage their time while looking for food to maximize rewards and minimize the (31) _______ of returning to the nest,” she said. The study also found that bumblebees are among a small group of animals, including humans and pigeons, that can (32) _______ between short and long flashes, a skill humans use to understand Morse code, where short and long signals represent different letters. While the neural mechanisms(神经机制) behind bees’ (33) _______ ability remain unclear, the team plans to investigate them further in future research. They also aim to study bees living freely in colonies rather than individually, and explore why some bees learn to (34) _______ time duration faster than others. The findings (35) _______ the long-held idea that bees are just instinct-driven machines. Besides, they highlight bees’ complex cognition and offer new insights into how animals perceive time. 21.A. direct B. first C. concrete D. physical 22. A. developed B. possessed C. demonstrated D. underestimated 23. A. abstractly B. carefully C. complexly D. conventionally 24. A. visual B. verbal C. potential D. important 25. A. dark B. wide C. complete D. respective 26. A. short B. bright C. sudden D. complete 27. A. allow for B. look into C. rule out D. open up 28. A. typically B. simply C. specially D. purposefully 29. A. actually B. accidentally C. maximumly D. casually 30. A. unique B. doubtful C. remarkable D. measurable 31. A. fees B. rates C. costs D. losses 32. A. shift B. range C. alternate D. distinguish 33. A. food-seeking B. time-setting C. time-judging D. food-processing 34. A. assess B. reduce C. invest D. combine 35. A. convey B. develop C. explore D. challenge 【答案】 21-25: BDBAD | 26-30: ACBAC | 31-35: CDCAD 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最新研究发现大黄蜂能够处理闪光时长信息并以此觅食，该发现挑战了昆虫只是简单反射机器的传统观点，揭示了昆虫复杂的认知能力，也为研究动物感知时间提供了新视角。 21. 答案：B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是首次在昆虫身上发现这种能力的证据。A. direct 直接的；B. first 首次的；C. concrete 具体的；D. physical 身体的。根据后文 “settle a long-standing debate” 可知，这是首次证实昆虫有该能力，故选 B。 22. 答案：D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多专家此前低估了它们的认知能力。A. developed 发展；B. possessed 拥有；C. demonstrated 展示；D. underestimated 低估。根据前文 “people thought insects were just simple reflex machines” 可知，过去人们低估昆虫认知，故选 D。 23. 答案：B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员搭建了一个精心设计的迷宫。A. abstractly 抽象地；B. carefully 仔细地、精心地；C. complexly 复杂地；D. conventionally 传统地。为验证实验猜想，迷宫需精心设计，故选 B。 24. 答案：A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：蜜蜂看到两种不同的视觉线索。A. visual 视觉的；B. verbal 言语的；C. potential 潜在的；D. important 重要的。闪光属于视觉信号，故选 A。 25. 答案：D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当蜜蜂靠近这些各自的圆圈时。A. dark 黑暗的；B. wide 宽的；C. complete 完整的；D. respective 分别的、各自的。对应前文两种不同闪光时长的圆圈，故选 D。 26. 答案：A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：蜜蜂逐渐学会飞向短闪光。A. short 短的；B. bright 明亮的；C. sudden 突然的；D. complete 完整的。实验中短闪光对应甜食，故选 A。 27. 答案：C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为排除蜜蜂依靠视觉或嗅觉找到甜食的可能性。A. allow for 考虑到；B. look into 调查；C. rule out 排除；D. open up 开辟。研究人员做对照实验排除其他干扰因素，故选 C。 28. 答案：B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：蜜蜂仅仅依靠闪光时长区分圆圈。A. typically 典型地；B. simply 仅仅、只；C. specially 特别地；D. purposefully 故意地。强调仅靠时间线索，无其他因素，故选 B。 29. 答案：A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这表明蜜蜂实际上在利用闪光时差做选择。A. actually 实际上；B. accidentally 偶然地；C. maximumly 最大限度地；D. casually 随意地。证实蜜蜂真实的判断依据，故选 A。 30. 答案：C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种灵活解决问题的能力非常了不起。A. unique 独特的；B. doubtful 可疑的；C. remarkable 非凡的、了不起的；D. measurable 可测量的。对蜜蜂能力表示赞叹，故选 C。 31. 答案：C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最大化回报，最小化回巢的成本。A. fees 费用；B. rates 比率；C. costs 成本、代价；D. losses 损失。蜜蜂觅食需权衡时间与能量成本，故选 C。 32. 答案：D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大黄蜂能区分长短闪光。A. shift 转移；B. range 排列；C. alternate 交替；D. distinguish 区分。对应实验中辨别不同时长闪光的能力，故选 D。 33. 答案：C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：蜜蜂判断时间能力背后的神经机制仍不明确。A. food-seeking 觅食的；B. time-setting 设定时间的；C. time-judging 判断时间的；D. food-processing 加工食物的。全文核心是蜜蜂对时间时长的判断，故选 C。 34. 答案：A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：探索为何有些蜜蜂更快学会评估时长。A. assess 评估、判断；B. reduce 减少；C. invest 投资；D. combine 结合。对应处理、判断闪光时长的能力，故选 A。 35. 答案：D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该发现挑战了蜜蜂只是本能驱动机器的固有观点。A. convey 传达；B. develop 发展；C. explore 探索；D. challenge 挑战。新发现推翻传统认知，故选 D。 （三） （2025~2026学年松江区二模） Researchers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Yale University have successfully developed a 3D bioprinting method that produces working artificial skin with full blood vessel (血管) networks. This represents an important step forward in making skin ____21____ that can successfully join with the body’s original system. Current medical choices for serious burn sufferers and patients with large wounds remain ____22____. One is self-donated skin transplants. While useful when they work, they may cause new wounds at the donation areas and are often restricted by how much healthy skin is available, which can be very ____23____ for patients with extensive burns. The other choice is the standard artificial skin product, usually made from animal skin. They act as short-term biological coverings that lack functional blood vessels and often meet immune (免疫的) system ____24____. This can cause tissue damage, and the eventual loss of the transplant. More advanced alternatives that can ____25____ human skin’s structure and function are in urgent need. ____26____, the research team uses a special bio-ink to reproduce the skin. They use skin cells from part of a baby’s body to constitute the ____27____. For the underlying layer, they use a mixture of cells from a baby’s blood from the birth cord (脐带) and a sticky substance from rat tails. After the layer-by-layer printing, the cells form detailed blood vessel networks similar to ____28____ blood vessels. Test results have shown outstanding success in animal studies, with artificial skin showing working blood vessels ____29____ the mice’s own blood flow within four weeks. This allows continuous blood flow between the original system and the ____30____ boosting survival and tissue development. Despite these ____31____ developments, a long journey lies ahead before medical use becomes possible. Researchers first need to develop fully ____32____ alternatives because the current use of animal skin risks immune reactions. ____33____, the technology requires further development to include important skin parts such as hair roots and feeling nerves. And skin color control, achievable ____34____ by adding color cells, needs experimental assessment to ensure steady and visually matching results across different patient groups. Though things like overcoming regulatory barriers pose equally critical challenges alongside technical development, the science community widely agrees that 3D bioprinting holds significant potential to ____35____ burn and wound care. 21. A. replacements B. boosters C. dressings D. infections 22. A. complicated B. tough C. unsatisfactory D. conscious 23. A. plentiful B. scarce C. meaningless D. confusing 24. A. recognition B. rejection C. tolerance D. ignorance 25. A. affect B. polish C. alter D. copy 26. A. To set an example B. To compare with this C. To address this D. To make it clear 27. A. edge B. surface C. tip D. structure 28. A. natural B. temporary C. available D. special 29. A. reacting against B. withdrawing from C. settling on D. integrating with 30. A. implant B. donor C. animal D. tissue 31. A. promising B. slight C. expensive D. elementary 32. A. government-funded B. mass-produced C. human-based D. lab-made 33. A. However B. Additionally C. Therefore D. Accordingly 34. A. on purpose B. at random C. by accident D. in theory 35. A. maintain B. transform C. publicize D. enrich 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是伦斯勒理工学院和耶鲁大学的研究人员成功开发出一种3D生物打印方法，可制造出带有完整血管网络的功能性人工皮肤，这标志着在制造能与人体原有系统成功结合的皮肤替代品方面取得重要进展。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这标志着在制造能够成功与人体原有系统结合的皮肤替代品方面向前迈出了重要一步。A. replacements替代品；B. boosters助推器；C. dressings敷料；D. infections感染。根据上文“a 3D bioprinting method that produces working artificial skin with full blood vessel (血管) networks”可知，一种 3D 生物打印技术能够制造出具有完整血管网络的可使用的人造皮肤，因此此处指制造能够成功与人体原有系统结合的皮肤替代品。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前，对于严重烧伤患者和大面积伤口患者，医疗选择仍然不能令人满意。A. complicated复杂的；B. tough艰难的；C. unsatisfactory不能令人满意的；D. conscious有意识的。根据后文“One is self-donated skin transplants. While useful when they work, they may cause new wounds at the donation areas and are often restricted by how much healthy skin is available”和“The other choice is the standard artificial skin product, usually made from animal skin. They act as short-term biological coverings that lack functional blood vessels”对两种医疗选择的描述可知，目前的医疗选择都有局限性，不能令人满意。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然当它们起作用时是有用的，但它们可能会在捐赠部位造成新的伤口，并且常常受到可用健康皮肤数量的限制，这对于大面积烧伤的患者来说是非常稀缺的。A. plentiful丰富的；B. scarce稀缺的；C. meaningless无意义的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据上文“restricted by how much healthy skin is available”和下文“for patients with extensive burns”可知，对于大面积烧伤的患者来说，健康皮肤是非常稀缺的。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们作为缺乏功能性血管的短期生物覆盖物，经常会遇到免疫系统的排斥。A. recognition识别；B. rejection排斥；C. tolerance容忍；D. ignorance忽视。根据下文“This can cause tissue damage, and the eventual loss of the transplant.”可知，免疫系统会排斥标准的人工皮肤产品，导致组织损伤和移植失败。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：迫切需要能够复制人类皮肤结构和功能的更先进的替代品。A. affect影响；B. polish抛光；C. alter改变；D. copy复制。根据“human skin’s structure and function”可知，此处指复制人类皮肤的结构和功能。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：为了解决这个问题，研究小组使用了一种特殊的生物墨水来复制皮肤。A. To set an example举例；B. To compare with this与此相比；C. To address this为了解决这个问题；D. To make it clear为了弄清楚。根据上文提到标准的人工皮肤产品存在的问题以及下文研究小组的做法可知，此处指为了解决这个问题，研究小组使用了一种特殊的生物墨水来复制皮肤。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们用婴儿身体一部分的皮肤细胞构成表层。A. edge边缘；B. surface表面；C. tip尖端；D. structure结构。根据下文“For the underlying layer”可知，此处指构成皮肤的表层。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在逐层打印后，细胞形成类似于天然血管的详细血管网络。A. natural天然的；B. temporary暂时的；C. available可获得的；D. special特别的。根据上文“the cells form detailed blood vessel networks similar to”和下文“blood vessels”可知，此处指细胞形成类似于天然血管的详细血管网络。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：测试结果在动物实验中表现出了显著的成功，人造皮肤中的血管在四周内就与小鼠自身的血液循环实现了融合。A. reacting against反抗；B. withdrawing from退出；C. settling on选定；D. integrating with与……整合。根据上文“working blood vessels”以及下文“boosting survival and tissue development”可知，人工皮肤显示出的功能性血管与小鼠自身血液流动整合。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这使得原始系统和移植体之间的持续血液流动成为可能，促进了存活和组织发育。A. implant移植体；B. donor捐赠者；C. animal动物；D. tissue组织。根据上文“artificial skin showing working blood vessels”可知，此处指人工皮肤这一移植体。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管这些有前景的发展，但在医疗应用成为可能之前还有很长的路要走。A. promising有前景的；B. slight轻微的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. elementary基本的。根据上文“Test results have shown outstanding success in animal studies”可知，这些发展是有前景的。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员首先需要开发完全基于人类的替代品，因为目前使用动物皮肤有免疫反应的风险。A. government-funded政府资助的；B. mass-produced大规模生产的；C. human-based基于人类的；D. lab-made实验室制造的。根据上文“because the current use of animal skin risks immune reactions”可知，目前使用动物皮肤有免疫反应的风险，所以需要开发完全基于人类的替代品。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，该技术还需要进一步发展，以包括重要的皮肤部分，如毛囊和感觉神经。A. However然而；B. Additionally此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Accordingly相应地。上文提到需要开发完全基于人类的替代品，此处指此外该技术还需要进一步发展，上下文是递进关系。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：而皮肤颜色控制，理论上可以通过添加色素细胞来实现，需要进行实验评估，以确保在不同患者群体中获得稳定且视觉上匹配的结果。A. on purpose故意地；B. at random随机地；C. by accident偶然地；D. in theory理论上。根据下文“needs experimental assessment”可知，皮肤颜色控制理论上可以通过添加色素细胞来实现，但还需要进行实验评估。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管诸如克服监管障碍这类问题与技术发展一样也是至关重要的挑战，但科学界普遍认为，3D 生物打印在改变烧伤和伤口护理方面具有巨大的潜力。A. maintain维持；B. transform转变；C. publicize宣传；D. enrich丰富。根据第二段描述的对于严重烧伤患者和大面积伤口患者，医疗选择仍然不能令人满意以及上文“3D bioprinting holds significant potential”和下文“burn and wound care”可知，此处指3D生物打印可以改变烧伤和伤口护理的现状。故选B。 （四） （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Letting kids run wild outside A group of children is attempting to move a large stick into place, discussing where it should go. Another child kneels beside a puddle (水坑), drawing a treasure map in the mud. What is ____21____ in this scene? There are no parents standing close by, telling them to “be careful”. This kind of ____22____ adventure — what social media has called “unstructured child summer” — is gaining attention. A study found children spend 35 percent less time playing outdoors than their parents did. Scientists say the ____23____ matters because nature play is good for executive function, emotional regulation and more. Letting children spend their days in wild spaces may look simple, but to the brain, these moments are a ____24____. “Our research shows children allowed to participate in outdoor play become more independent and self-sufficient,” says Martha Thorne, a professor at Queen Maud University College. She adds____25____ play is linked to higher physical and mental well-being, and children who take physical risks often become better at judging other kinds. Thorne notes this kind of play often ____26____ a “flow state,” a sweet spot where challenges are engaging but not overwhelming. In this state, learning potential is at its peak. She also notes nature play is often more ____27____ than playground interactions because it leads to group projects. ____28____inevitably arise, but kids have stronger motivation to work them out, building skills that serve them well throughout life. It is widely claimed that sports and other indoor activities have their benefits, but ____29____ them exclusively means kids aren’t developing executive function skills independently. Without practice navigating trouble or novel situations on their own, teens and young adults may ____30____ when real life doesn’t follow a pattern. It’s usually easier to build these skills early, when brains are most ____31____. “The early years are really formative years for feeling comfortable and capable in nature.” Still, Thorne emphasizes ____32____ over age. She says, “A child should develop at their own pace and overcome challenges step-by-step because then they learn how to ____33____risks and handle them within their level.” Our experiences with nature in childhood have the potential for a lifelong impact. A review of school-led green space programs found ____34____ improvements to students’ mood and peer connection. ____35____, playing with nature isn’t just good for children. It’s good for the balance of nature. People who spend time in nature as children are more likely to care for it as adults. 21. A. confusing B. alarming C. missing D. disappointing 22. A. cautious B. independent C. exclusive D. lonely 23. A. return B. progress C. structure D. trend 24. A. natural break B. mysterious world C. complex network D. training ground 25. A. aimless B. adventurous C. conventional D. demanding 26. A. generates B. affects C. requires D. predicts 27. A. subjective B. available C. cooperative D. fundamental 28. A. Interruptions B. Conflicts C. Solutions D. Details 29. A. getting through B. identifying with C. longing for D. relying on 30. A. adapt B. struggle C. regret D. persevere 31 A. passive B. receptive C. selective D. objective 32. A. speed B. rule C. ability D. nature 33. A. escape B. share C. overlook D. weigh 34. A. rushed B. sustained C. targeted D. limited 35. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论让孩子在户外自由玩耍的重要性，以及这种无结构化玩耍对孩子身心发展和自然保护的积极影响。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个场景中缺少了什么？A. confusing令人困惑的；B. alarming令人担忧的；C. missing缺少的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据下文“There are no parents standing close by, telling them to ‘be careful’”可知，此处是问这个场景中缺少了父母在旁边叮嘱的环节。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种独立冒险 —— 社交媒体所称的 “无结构化儿童暑假”—— 正受到关注。A. cautious谨慎的；B. independent独立的；C. exclusive独有的；D. lonely孤独的。根据前文“There are no parents standing close by, telling them to “be careful”.”可知，这种冒险是孩子独立进行的，体现了独立性。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家说这种趋势很重要，因为自然玩耍对执行功能、情绪调节等都有好处。A. return回报；B. progress进步；C. structure结构；D. trend趋势。根据前文“A study found children spend 35 percent less time playing outdoors than their parents did” 可知，此处指孩子户外玩耍时间减少这一趋势。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：让孩子在野外度过一天看似简单，但对大脑来说，这些时刻是一个训练场。A. natural break自然休息；B. mysterious world神秘世界；C. complex network复杂网络；D. training ground训练场。根据下文“Our research shows children allowed to participate in outdoor play become more independent and self-sufficient”可知，户外玩耍能锻炼孩子，对大脑而言是训练场。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，冒险性玩耍与更高的身心健康有关，经常进行身体冒险的孩子往往更善于判断其他类型的风险。A. aimless无目的的；B. adventurous冒险的；C. conventional传统的；D. demanding要求高的。根据后文“children who take physical risks”可知，此处指冒险性的玩耍。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：索恩指出，这种玩耍通常会产生一种“心流状态”，即挑战具有吸引力但又不会让人难以承受的最佳状态。A. generates产生；B. affects影响；C. requires要求；D. predicts预测。根据后文“ a “flow state,” ”并结合常识可知，户外玩耍会产生心流状态。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她还指出，自然玩耍通常比游乐场互动更具合作性，因为它会促成小组项目。A. subjective主观的；B. available可获得的；C. cooperative合作的；D. fundamental基本的。根据后文“because it leads to group projects”可知，自然玩耍更具合作性。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：冲突不可避免地会出现，但孩子们有更强的动力去解决它们，培养对他们一生都有益的技能。A. Interruptions中断；B. Conflicts冲突；C. Solutions解决方案；D. Details细节。根据上文“ because it leads to group projects.”和下文“but kids have stronger motivation to work them out”可知，此处指小组项目难免会出现冲突，。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们普遍认为体育和其他室内活动有其好处，但仅仅依靠它们意味着孩子们无法独立发展执行功能技能。A. getting through通过；B. identifying with认同；C. longing for渴望；D. relying on依靠。根据前文“sports and other indoor activities have their benefits”以及转折词but可知，此处指仅仅依靠这些室内活动是不够的。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果没有独自应对麻烦或新情况的练习，青少年和年轻人在现实生活不按常规进行时可能会挣扎。A. adapt适应；B. struggle挣扎；C. regret后悔；D. persevere坚持。结合前文“Without practice navigating trouble or novel situations on their own”没有应对新情况的练习，可知遇到不按常规的现实生活时会挣扎。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常在大脑最容易接受的时候，尽早培养这些技能会更容易。A. passive被动的；B. receptive易接受的；C. selective选择性的；D. objective客观的。根据下文“The early years are really formative years”可知，此时大脑最易接受新技能。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，索恩强调能力比年龄更重要。A. speed速度；B. rule规则；C. ability能力；D. nature自然。根据下文“A child should develop at their own pace and overcome challenges step-by-step”可知，孩子应按自身节奏发展，能力比年龄更重要。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“孩子应该按照自己的节奏发展，一步一步地克服挑战，因为这样他们才能学会如何权衡风险，并在自己的能力范围内应对风险。”A. escape逃离；B. share分享；C. overlook忽视；D. weigh权衡。根据后文“handle them within their level”可知，此处指权衡风险。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项对学校主导的绿地项目的回顾发现，学生的情绪和同伴关系有持续的改善。A. rushed匆忙的；B. sustained持续的；C. targeted有针对性的；D. limited有限的。根据上文“Our experiences with nature in childhood have the potential for a lifelong impact.”推测，绿地项目对学生的积极影响是持续的。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，与自然玩耍不仅对孩子有好处，对自然平衡也有好处。A. Moreover此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Otherwise否则。前文讲与自然玩耍对孩子的好处，后文讲对自然平衡的好处，是递进关系，Moreover符合语境。故选A。 （五） （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） To visitors, the Italian city of Venice displays a splendid picture of historic buildings, waterways, bell towers, and red roofs. Yet the city also features a mighty (威猛的) winged lion, the ____21____ of what was once called the Venetian Republic (697-1797). Lions of various sizes and materials were carved into structures throughout its streets and squares. Among them, perhaps the ____22____ version is a bronze statue standing atop a column near St. Mark’s Square. Now, new evidence suggests that this famous statue may have originated not in Europe, but in China. Using chemical analysis on samples taken from the sculpture, a team from the University of Padua ____23____ the metal used in the statue to the Yangtze River region in China. Their findings ____24____ long-held assumptions about the statue’s origins. For centuries, experts had believed it was crafted either in Italy or the Middle East — yet its stylish uniqueness remained an enduring ____25____. The new discovery may finally help solve that mystery. Though installed in St. Mark’s Square during the 13th century, the lion shows a surprising ____26____ to artwork produced in China during the Tang Dynasty, rather than that found in medieval (中世纪的) Mediterranean Europe. The researchers point to specific features — the shape of its nose, as well as scars (疤痕) indicating the ____27____ of earlier horns — as convincing evidence. Further ____28____ the complexity, the column on which the lion stands is of Middle East origin. And records show the statue has undergone multiple repairs, the earliest dating back to 1293. “It is possible that Marco Polo’s father and uncle, during their four-year stay in China, played a key role in ____29____ the sculpture,” the researchers note. If so, the object they brought back was _____30_____ a zhènmùshòu — a fierce lion-like grave guardian from the Tang Dynasty. Once transported to Italy, the statue was likely “carefully and laboriously reshaped” to _____31_____ the image of the winged lion of St. Mark, they add. The _____32_____ include removing its original horns and adding a stone “wig” — a piece of headwear that signifies power and authority. _____33_____, written records are absent, leaving the exact circumstances of its journey open to interpretation. “Though the installation of the lion was intended to project a(n) _____34_____ political message, we may now also view it as a gentle reminder of the connectedness of the medieval world,” the researchers conclude. Ultimately, the lion is a quiet witness to the hidden _____35_____ that once wove the world together. 21. A. territory B. title C. symbol D. status 22. A. worst-affected B. least-visited C. most-needed D. best-known 23. A. owed B. traced C. dated D. applied 24. A. confirm B. overlook C. challenge D. revise 25. A. puzzle B. ritual C. appeal D. beauty 26. A. comparison B. contrast C. dedication D. similarity 27. A. function B. removal C. renewal D. destruction 28. A. breaking down B. putting aside C. adding to D. taking away 29. A. acquiring B. ruining C. studying D. designing 30. A. eventually B. originally C. controversially D. rarely 31. A. present B. protect C. post D. print 32. A. innovations B. interventions C. decorations D. modifications 33. A. Additionally B. Consequently C. Unfortunately D. Accordingly 34. A. vague B. powerful C. urgent D. dangerous 35. A. treasures B. figures C. threads D. patterns 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了意大利威尼斯著名的带翼狮子雕像，新研究表明其可能起源于中国，尽管相关书面记录缺失，但它见证了中世纪世界的联系。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这座城市也以一只威猛的带翼狮子为特色，它是曾经被称为威尼斯共和国（697 - 1797）的象征。A. territory领土；B. title标题；C. symbol象征；D. status地位。根据前文“Yet the city also features a mighty (威猛的) winged lion”以及后文“what was once called the Venetian Republic (697-1797)”可知，带翼狮子是威尼斯共和国的象征。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其中，最著名的版本或许是矗立在圣马可广场附近一根柱子顶端的青铜雕像。A. worst - affected受影响最严重的；B. least - visited参观最少的；C. most - needed最需要的；D. best - known最著名的。根据后文“Now, new evidence suggests that this famous statue may have originated not in Europe, but in China.”可知，此处说的是最著名的雕像。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：帕多瓦大学的一个研究小组对从雕像上采集的样本进行化学分析后，将雕像所使用的金属追溯到中国长江地区。A. owed归功于；B. traced追溯；C. dated注明日期；D. applied应用。根据后文“the metal used in the statue to the Yangtze River region in China.”可知，这里指把金属的来源追溯到中国长江地区。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的发现挑战了长期以来关于这座雕像起源的假设。A. confirm证实；B. overlook忽视；C. challenge挑战；D. revise修订。根据后文“For centuries, experts had believed it was crafted either in Italy or the Middle East”可知，之前认为雕像起源于意大利或中东，现在新发现表明起源于中国，这挑战了之前的假设。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，专家们一直认为它是在意大利或中东制作的——然而，它独特的风格仍然是一个持久的谜团。A. puzzle谜团；B. ritual仪式；C. appeal吸引力；D. beauty美丽。根据后文“The new discovery may finally help solve that mystery.”可知，它独特的风格一直是个谜团。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管这座狮子雕像于13世纪安装在圣马可广场，但它与中国唐代制作的艺术品有着惊人的相似之处，而非中世纪地中海欧洲的艺术品。A. comparison比较；B. contrast对比；C. dedication奉献；D. similarity相似之处。根据后文“rather than that found in medieval (中世纪的) Mediterranean Europe.”可知它与唐代艺术品有相似之处。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员指出一些具体特征——它鼻子的形状，以及表明早期角被移除的疤痕——作为令人信服的证据。A. function功能；B. removal移除；C. renewal更新；D. destruction破坏。根据前文“as well as scars (疤痕)”可知，疤痕表明角是被移除的。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：更添复杂性的是，狮子所站立的柱子起源于中东。A. breaking down分解；B. putting aside搁置；C. adding to增添；D. taking away拿走。根据后文“the column on which the lion stands is of Middle East origin”可知，柱子起源于中东，这增添了整个雕像来源的复杂性。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员指出：“马可·波罗的父亲和叔叔在中国停留的四年期间，有可能在获取这座雕塑的过程中发挥了关键作用。”A. acquiring获得；B. ruining毁坏；C. studying学习；D. designing设计。根据前文“Mark’s Square during the 13th century, the lion shows a surprising ____ to artwork produced in China during the Tang Dynasty, rather than that found in medieval (中世纪的) Mediterranean Europe”以及后文“the sculpture”可知，这里指他们可能在获得雕像这件事上起关键作用。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，他们带回的物品最初可能是一个镇墓兽——一种唐代类似狮子的凶猛的坟墓守护者。A. eventually最终；B. originally最初；C. controversially有争议地；D. rarely很少地。根据后文“a zhènmùshòu — a fierce lion-like grave guardian from the Tang Dynasty.”可知，这里说的是物品最初的样子。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们补充说，一旦被运到意大利，这座雕像很可能被“精心且费力地重塑”，以呈现圣马可带翼狮子的形象。A. present呈现；B. protect保护；C. post张贴；D. print印刷。根据前文“carefully and laboriously reshaped”可知，重塑雕像就是为了呈现圣马可带翼狮子的形象。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些修改包括移除它原来的角，并添加一个石头“假发”——一种象征权力和权威的头饰。A. innovations创新；B. interventions干预；C. decorations装饰；D. modifications修改。根据后文“removing its original horns and adding a stone “wig””可知，移除角和添加“假发”属于对雕像的修改。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，书面记录缺失，其旅程的确切情况有待解读。A. Additionally此外；B. Consequently因此；C. Unfortunately不幸地；D. Accordingly相应地。根据后文“written records are absent, leaving the exact circumstances of its journey open to interpretation.”可知，书面记录缺失是一件不幸的事。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员总结道：“尽管这座狮子雕像的安装旨在传达一个强有力的政治信息，但我们现在也可以将其视为对中世纪世界关联性的一个温和提醒。”A. vague模糊的；B. powerful强有力的；C. urgent紧急的；D. dangerous危险的。根据后文“political message”可知，安装雕像传达的政治信息应该是强有力的。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，这只狮子是曾经将世界编织在一起的隐藏线索的无声见证者。A. treasures宝藏；B. figures人物；C. threads线索；D. patterns模式。根据后文“that once wove the world together.”可知，这里指狮子见证了世界联系的隐藏线索。故选C项。 （六） （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Adventure travelers used to represent a small group of brave travelers willing to go to nearly any extreme in pursuit of an extraordinary trip. But more recently, the ranks of adventure travelers are growing, pursuing unforgettable excitement. “Frontier tourism,” as it has been called, is rapidly gaining popularity with the ordinary vacation enthusiast — and this ____21____ dynamic is not without risk for both the planet and the traveler. As unbelievable as it may seem, space travel is generating widespread ____22____. While a space flight might certainly be unforgettable, there are also some health ____23____ to consider. “The extraordinary experience comes with the harsh impacts of radiation and ____24____ gravity,” says an expert. “The change in gravity can put an incredible amount of pressure on the body, increasing the risk of a heart attack.” Space tourists are also ____25____ space rays, which can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risks of eye disease and cancer. Another aspect of frontier tourism involves exploring environments on this planet that remain largely ____26____ by modernization. However, increased travel to these areas drives pollution and upsets the sensitive balance of local ecosystems. The ultimate hiking goal, climbing Mount Qomolangma, provides a vivid ____27____ of this. Hikes to the peak have seen an enormous rise in interest in recent years. The ____28____ mountain is left covered with some 75 tons of waste each season at its base camp. Farther up the mountain, beyond base camp, another 50 tons of waste are left by travelers seeking to make it to the mountain’s peak. Frontier tourism is also having a harmful impact on ____29____ destinations such as Antarctica. The ____30____ of these fantastic locations is the opportunity to see breathtaking glaciers (冰川) and diverse wildlife, particularly as the rapidly warming planet destroys those very glaciers and makes ____31____ ever more difficult for the region’s wildlife. What’s worse, it’s a severe ____32____. The growing crowds are doing harm in the form of an even larger carbon footprint, one that’s worsening global warming issues further. According to the International Union for Conservation for Nature (IUCN), ____33____ regulations are not enough to protect the environment from tourism impacts. The IUCN report goes on to stress that growing tourism ____34____ are causing penguin (企鹅) species to change their reproductive and social behaviors. So is frontier tourism a development that’s likely to continue ____35____? Indeed, this type of tourism also requires “high responsibility from tourists and tour operators.” 21. A. enduring B. emerging C. intervening D. competing 22. A. panic B. adoption C. perception D. appeal 23. A. benefits B. consequences C. treatments D. experiments 24. A. altered B. artificial C. specific D. intense 25. A. prohibited by B. protected against C. exposed to D. excluded from 26. A. influenced B. dominated C. uninsured D. untouched 27. A. example B. memory C. contrast D. symbol 28. A. overlooked B. underpopulated C. overcrowded D. underestimated 29. A. jammed B. nasty C. potential D. delicate 30. A. draw B. flexibility C. anchor D. practicability 31. A. feeding B. breathing C. survival D. restoration 32. A. cycle B. format C. forecast D. complication 33. A. strict B. existing C. global D. proposed 34. A. facilities B. arrivals C. destinations D. boosters 35. A. unnoticed B. unchanged C. unchecked D. undamaged 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了前沿旅游越来越受欢迎，但这种新兴动态对地球和旅行者都存在风险。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所谓的“前沿旅游”正迅速受到普通度假爱好者的欢迎，这种新兴的动态对地球和旅行者来说并非没有风险。A. enduring持久的；B. emerging新兴的；C. intervening发生于其间的，介于中间的；D. competing竞争的，相互抵触的。根据前文“But more recently, the ranks of adventure travelers are growing, pursuing unforgettable excitement.”可知，这是一种新兴的动态。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管令人难以置信，太空旅行正产生广泛的吸引力。A. panic恐慌；B. adoption采用；C. perception感知；D. appeal吸引力。根据后文“While a space flight might certainly be unforgettable, there are also some health ____ to consider.”可知，此处表示太空旅行是有吸引力的。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然太空飞行肯定令人难忘，但也有一些健康问题需要考虑。A. benefits好处；B. consequences后果；C. treatments治疗；D. experiments实验。根据后文““The extraordinary experience comes with the harsh impacts of radiation and ____ gravity,” says an expert. “The change in gravity can put an incredible amount of pressure on the body, increasing the risk of a heart attack.” Space tourists are also ____ 10 space rays, which can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risks of eye disease and cancer.”可知，太空飞行有健康问题需要考虑。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：一位专家说：“非凡的经历伴随着辐射和改变的重力的严重影响。”A. altered改变，更改；B. artificial人工的；C. specific具体的；D. intense强烈的。根据后文“The change in gravity can put an incredible amount of pressure on the body”以及常识可知，去往太空，重力会发生改变。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：太空游客也会暴露在太空射线中，这会损害细胞和DNA，增加患眼病和癌症的风险。A. prohibited by被禁止；B. protected against被保护免受；C. exposed to暴露于；D. excluded from被排除在外。根据后文“which can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risks of eye disease and cancer”可知，太空游客暴露在太空射线中，对游客的身体造成损伤。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：前沿旅游的另一个方面是探索这个星球上基本上未受现代化影响的环境。A. influenced影响；B. dominated支配；C. uninsured未投保的；D. untouched未受影响的。根据后文“However, increased travel to these areas drives pollution and upsets the sensitive balance of local ecosystems.”可知，探索的是未受现代化影响的地方。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：攀登珠穆朗玛峰，这一终极徒步目标，为此提供了一个生动的例子。A. example例子；B. memory记忆；C. contrast对比；D. symbol象征。根据后文“Hikes to the peak have seen an enormous rise in interest in recent years.”可知，此处将攀登珠穆朗玛峰作为一个生动的例子。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这座拥挤的山峰每个季节在其大本营都会留下约75吨垃圾。A. overlooked被忽视的；B. underpopulated人口稀少的；C. overcrowded拥挤的；D. underestimated被低估的。根据上文“Hikes to the peak have seen an enormous rise in interest in recent years.”以及后文“mountain is left covered with some 75 tons of waste each season at its base camp”可推知，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人很多，所以此处表示这座山峰很拥挤。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：前沿旅游也对南极洲等脆弱的目的地产生了有害影响。A. jammed堵塞的；B. nasty令人厌恶的；C. potential潜在的；D. delicate脆弱的。根据后文“particularly as the rapidly warming planet destroys those very glaciers”可知，南极洲等目的地是很脆弱的。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些奇妙地点的吸引力是有机会看到令人叹为观止的冰川和多样的野生动物，特别是随着地球迅速变暖，这些冰川正在被破坏，该地区的野生动物的生存变得越来越困难。A. draw吸引力；B. flexibility灵活性；C. anchor锚；D. practicability实用性。根据后文“the opportunity to see breathtaking glaciers (冰山) and diverse wildlife”可知，有机会看到冰川和多样的野生动物，这是这些地点的吸引力。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些奇妙地点的吸引力是有机会看到令人叹为观止的冰川和多样的野生动物，特别是随着地球迅速变暖，这些冰川正在被破坏，该地区的野生动物的生存变得越来越困难。A. feeding喂养；B. breathing呼吸；C. survival生存；D. restoration恢复。根据前文“as the rapidly warming planet destroys those very glaciers”可知，野生动物的生存变得越来越困难。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟的是，这是一个恶性循环。A. cycle循环；B. format格式；C. forecast预测；D. complication复杂问题。根据后文“The growing crowds are doing harm in the form of an even larger carbon footprint, one that’s worsening global warming issues further.”可知，游客增多加剧变暖，形成恶性循环。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的说法，现有的法规不足以保护环境免受旅游业的影响。A. strict严格的；B. existing现有的；C. global全球的；D. proposed被提议的。根据后文“are not enough to protect the environment from tourism impacts”可知，现有的法规不足，所以不足以保护环境。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：国际自然保护联盟的报告还强调，越来越多的游客抵达正在导致企鹅物种改变它们的繁殖和社交行为。A. facilities设施；B. arrivals抵达；C. destinations目的地；D. boosters助推器。根据后文“are causing penguin (企鹅) species to change their reproductive and social behaviors”以及语境可知，游客去南极洲旅游，是游客的抵达导致企鹅物种改变它们的繁殖和社交行为。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，前沿旅游是一种可能会继续不受约束地发展下去的趋势吗？A. unnoticed未被注意到的；B. unchanged未改变的；C. unchecked不受约束的；D. undamaged未受损的。根据后文“Indeed, this type of tourism also requires “high responsibility from tourists and tour operators.””可知，此处在提出问题，前沿旅游是否会不受约束地发展下去。故选C。 （七） （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） A new artificial intelligence-powered stethoscope, a device that medical experts use to listen to sounds in the body such as a heartbeat, can detect three different heart conditions in 15 seconds. More than one million people across the UK are now affected by heart failure, a(n) ____21____ where the heart can’t make blood flow properly because of weak muscle function. One ____22____ is shortness of breath, but it is frequently ignored. As a result, 70% of people only have the condition ____23____ after they have been rushed to hospital. The new device, developed by a team at Imperial College London and the National Health Service, looks about the ____24____ of a playing card. Doctors put it on a patient’s chest and it records the electrical signals in the heart and listens to the sound of blood flowing through the organ. Then, this ____25____ is sent to an AI system. The system then ____26____ it against data from thousands of other people to see if there’s a problem, and the result is immediately sent to a smartphone. Scientists looked at what happened to patients whose doctors examined them with a(n) ____27____ stethoscope, and those whose doctors used the AI one. The study included more than 12,700 people at about 200 GP (全科医生) surgeries in north London over the course of a year. This study found that the AI stethoscope was able to detect ____28____ heart activity that a doctor might miss with a regular one. Patients ____29____ with the AI stethoscope were twice as likely to have their heart failure spotted. The device was also 3.5 times more likely to find atrial fibrillation, namely an irregular heartbeat. It was also better at ____30____ whether one or more of a patient’s heart valves, which are like doors to the different sections in the heart and control blood flow, were not working properly. There are some problems to be solved, though. The AI stethoscope often told patients that they could be ____31____ heart failure when they weren’t. The researchers said that the ____32____ should only be used when GPs suspected that their patient had heart problems, and not for routine checks on healthy people. “This is an elegant example of how the ____33____ stethoscope, invented more than 200 years ago, can be upgraded for the 21st century,” said Dr Sonya Babu-Narayan, from the British Heart Foundation charity. “We need ____34____ like these, providing early detection of heart failure.” ____35____, she said, the condition can be quite advanced by the time the patient goes to hospital feeling unwell. 21. A. situation B. disorder C. framework D. platform 22. A. figure B. role C. sign D. location 23. A. upgraded B. overlooked C. confirmed D. registered 24. A. value B. size C. symbol D. clue 25. A. information B. analysis C. sample D. card 26. A. compares B. protects C. balances D. exchanges 27. A. experimental B. virtual C. durable D. traditional 28. A. strong B. initial C. instant D. unusual 29. A. supported B. examined C. equipped D. defended 30. A. picking up B. turning down C. making for D. taking over 31. A. classifying B. experiencing C. measuring D. controlling 32. A. research B. solution C. section D. device 33. A. useless B. advanced C. humble D. remote 34. A. innovations B. suspicions C. evaluations D. conclusions 35. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Otherwise 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种新型人工智能听诊器能快速检测心脏问题及使用情况、优势和局限。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国有超过100万人患有心力衰竭，这是一种由于心肌功能减弱导致心脏不能使血液正常流动的疾病。A. situation情况；B. disorder疾病，紊乱；C. framework框架；D. platform平台。根据后文“where the heart can’t make blood flow properly because of weak muscle function”可知，心力衰竭是身体病症，disorder特指身体机能紊乱性疾病。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一个症状就是呼吸急促，但该症状常常被人们忽视。 A. figure数字，人物；B. role角色，作用；C. sign征兆，症状；D. location位置。 结合后文“shortness of breath”可知，呼吸急促是心衰的外在病症表现，sign在此处表示疾病的症状。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，70%的人只有在被紧急送往医院后才被确诊患有这种疾病。A. upgraded升级；B. overlooked忽视；C. confirmed确认，证实；D. registered登记。根据前文“but it is frequently ignored”和“As a result”可知，前文提到早期症状被忽视，因此大多患者只能就医后才被确诊患病。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这款新设备由伦敦帝国理工学院和英国国家医疗服务体系的一个团队开发，大小约为一张扑克牌。A. value价值；B. size大小；C. symbol象征；D. clue线索。根据后文“of a playing card”可知，此处用来描述设备的外形大小，固定搭配the size of 表示“……的尺寸大小”。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，这些信息被发送到一个人工智能系统。A. information信息；B. analysis分析；C. sample样本；D. card卡片。根据前文“it records the electrical signals in the heart and listens to the sound of blood flowing through the organ”可知，设备会记录心脏电信号与血流声音，这些收集到的内容统称为医疗信息。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，该系统将其与数千名其他人的数据进行比较，以查看是否存在问题，结果会立即发送到智能手机上。A. compares比较；B. protects保护；C. balances平衡；D. exchanges交换。根据后文“against data from thousands of other people”可知，此处指将信息与其他人的数据进行比较，是AI系统的数据分析逻辑，固定搭配compare... against... 表示“将……与……作比对”。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学家们观察了医生用传统听诊器检查的病人和医生用人工智能听诊器检查的病人发生了什么。A. experimental实验的；B. virtual虚拟的；C. durable耐用的；D. traditional传统的。根据后文“those whose doctors used the AI one”，“ with a regular one”和“stethoscope, invented more than 200 years ago”可知，此处指普通老式的常规听诊器，与新型AI设备形成对比。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项研究发现，人工智能听诊器能够检测到医生用普通听诊器可能会遗漏的不寻常的心脏活动。A. strong强壮的；B. initial最初的；C. instant立即的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据后文“that a doctor might miss with a regular one”可知，普通医生难以发现的是非常规、异常的心脏活动信号。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用人工智能听诊器检查的病人被发现心力衰竭的可能性是前者的两倍。A. supported支持；B. examined检查；C. equipped装备；D. defended防御。根据后文“with the AI stethoscope”可知，医患场景下，examine表示医生为病人做身体检查，此处指患者接受AI设备的检查。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它在检测患者的一个或多个心脏瓣膜（就像心脏不同部分的门，控制血液流动）是否工作不正常方面也更擅长。A. picking up检测到；B. turning down拒绝；C. making for走向，有助于；D. taking over接管。根据后文“whether one or more of a patient’s heart valves, which are like doors to the different sections in the heart and control blood flow, were not working properly”可知，此处指设备精准捕捉、察觉心脏瓣膜的病变问题。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能听诊器经常告诉病人他们可能正在经历心力衰竭，而实际上他们并没有。A. classifying分类；B. experiencing经历；C. measuring测量；D. controlling控制。根据后文“heart failure when they weren’t”可知，此处指经历心力衰竭，experience heart failure是常用表达，意为“患有心力衰竭”。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员表示，该设备应仅在全科医生怀疑患者有心脏问题时使用，而不应用于对健康人的常规检查。A. research研究；B. solution解决方案；C. section部分；D. device设备。根据后文“should only be used when GPs suspected that their patient had heart problems”可知，全文核心介绍这款 AI 听诊器这一医疗设备，此处指上文提到的人工智能听诊器这个设备。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国心脏基金会的索尼娅·巴布-纳拉扬博士说：“这是一个优雅的例子，说明200多年前发明的简陋的听诊器如何能够升级到适合21世纪。”A. useless无用的；B. advanced先进的；C. humble简陋的，谦逊的；D. remote遥远的。根据后文“invented more than 200 years ago”可知，此处指代传统老式、构造简易的听诊器，与新型智能设备形成对比。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们需要这样的创新，以便尽早发现心力衰竭。A. innovations创新；B. suspicions怀疑；C. evaluations评估；D. conclusions结论。根据后文“providing early detection of heart failure”可知，此处指需要这样的创新，AI听诊器是医疗领域的新技术、新创新。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：否则，她说，当病人感到不适去医院时，病情可能已经相当严重了。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Besides此外；D. Otherwise否则。根据后文“the condition can be quite advanced by the time the patient goes to hospital feeling unwell”可知，前后为反面假设关系，强调早筛查的必要性，否则就会错过最佳治疗时机。故选D。 （八） （2025~2026学年静安区二模） How Archaeology Changed from Digging to Protecting The word “archaeology” comes from the Greek word arkhaios, which means “ancient.” Although some archaeologists study living ____21____, most focus on the distant past. For thousands of years, people have searched for and dug up ancient monuments, often not as scholars but as grave robbers whose only goal was to steal valuables quickly, caring little about the structures around them. Their actions ____22____ caused damage to historical sites. In ancient Egypt, grave robbing was so common that many tombs had hidden rooms where families placed treasures. This problem ____23____ for centuries. In the 1800s, the tomb of Pharaoh (法老) Ramses I, who ruled briefly in the 1290s BCE, was discovered and stolen. It contained pottery, paintings, sculptures, and the pharaoh’s mummy, which eventually ended up in a museum before being returned to Egypt in 2003. ____24____, grave robbers never discovered the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut. His resting place lay ____25____ for thousands of years until it was discovered in 1922. The tomb contained the mummies of Tutankhamun and his family, along with thousands of artifacts (文物), providing ____26____ insights into ancient Egyptian life. It remains one of the most well-known archaeological ____27____ in history. Early archaeology was also closely linked to ____28____ and colonial (殖民的) power. When Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798, he brought artists and scholars to document the conquest, while his troops ____29____ hundreds of tons of artifacts, many of which now fill the Louvre. Similarly, wealthy adventurers from Western colonial powers ____30____ digs in Greece and elsewhere. Although they were often genuinely interested in the past, their work was ____31____ to colonialism, as seen in the case of the Elgin Marbles, which Greece has long requested returned as part of its cultural heritage. Such activities highlight both the historical fascination with ancient civilizations and the ethical (伦理的) challenges that ____32____ early archaeology. Over time, archaeology became more ____33____. Scientists began using standard measurements and formalized methods for recording and removing artifacts. Detailed drawings of dig sites and individual items became standard, and archaeologists collaborated with historians and linguists to create a unified ____34____ of the past. In the 20th century, archaeologists also ____35____ their ethical responsibilities. Today, most countries recognize that archaeological remains belong to the nation where they are found, reflecting a growing respect for cultural heritage and the protection of history. 21. A. sculptures B. cultures C. populations D. creatures 22. A. barely B. randomly C. inevitably D. slightly 23. A. persisted B. burst C. emerged D. arose 24. A. Similarly B. What’s more C. As a result D. By contrast 25. A. undervalued B. unsupervised C. misinterpreted D. undisturbed 26. A. innocent B. invaluable C. greedy D. artificial 27. A. features B. reserves C. finds D. regrets 28. A. voluntary B. literal C. military D. religious 29. A. celebrated B. donated C. removed D. launched 30. A. drew on B. carried out C. depended on D. objected to 31. A. delivered B. opposed C. unexposed D. tied 32. A. accompanied B. diversified C. branded D. embraced 33. A. theoretical B. mysterious C. transitional D. systematic 34. A. instinct B. rhythm C. prediction D. picture 35. A. denied B. simplified C. reassessed D. misrepresented 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了考古学从古时盗墓掠夺、依附殖民的破坏行为，逐步转变为系统化研究。现代考古重视伦理规范，注重文物保护与文化遗产尊重。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管部分考古学家研究现存文化，但大多数聚焦遥远的过去。A. sculptures雕塑；B. cultures文化；C. populations人口；D. creatures生物。根据后文“historical sites”以及结合前文考古学起源与古老事物相关，后文对比远古研究，现存文化符合考古研究范畴。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们的行为不可避免地对历史遗址造成破坏。A. barely几乎不；B. randomly随意地；C. inevitably不可避免地；D. slightly轻微地。根据上文“For thousands of years, people have searched for and dug up ancient monuments, often not as scholars but as grave robbers whose only goal was to steal valuables quickly, caring little about the structures around them.(数千年间，人们一直在寻找并挖掘古代遗迹，而挖掘者中往往并非是学者，而是盗墓者。这些盗墓者的唯一目的就是迅速窃取贵重物品，对周围建筑则毫不在意)”可知，盗墓者只贪图珍宝、无视建筑遗迹的行为，破坏必然会产生。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一问题持续了数百年。A. persisted持续；B. burst爆发；C. emerged出现；D. arose产生。根据后文“for centuries”以及结合后文列举跨时代的盗墓事例，说明该问题长久存在。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查短语词义辨析。句意：相比之下，盗墓者从未发现图坦卡蒙法老的陵墓。A. Similarly相似地；B. What’s more此外；C. As a result因此；D. By contrast相比之下。根据上文“In the 1800s, the tomb of Pharaoh (法老) Ramses I, who ruled briefly in the 1290s BCE, was discovered and stolen. It contained pottery, paintings, sculptures, and the pharaoh’s mummy, which eventually ended up in a museum before being returned to Egypt in 2003.(十九世纪，公元前十三世纪九十年代短期执政的拉美西斯一世法老陵墓遭发现并被盗。墓中存有陶器、画作、雕塑及法老木乃伊，此物先流入博物馆，后于2003年归还埃及)”可知，一座陵墓遭偷盗，此陵墓完好留存，形成正反对比。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的安息之地数千年来未受打扰，直至1922年被发现。A. undervalued被低估的；B. unsupervised无人监管的；C. misinterpreted被误解的；D. undisturbed未被打扰的。根据后文“until it was discovered in 1922”以及结合盗墓者未曾找到该陵墓，可知陵墓长期保持完整。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这座陵墓中存放着图坦卡蒙及其家人的木乃伊，还有数千件文物，为研究古埃及的社会生活提供了极具价值的参考。A. innocent无辜的；B. invaluable极宝贵的；C. greedy贪婪的；D. artificial人造的。根据后文“insights into ancient Egyptian life”可知，结合古墓文物的历史研究价值，说明很宝贵。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它仍是历史上最著名的考古发现之一。A. features特征；B. reserves保护区；C. finds发现物；D. regrets遗憾。根据上文“It remains one of the most well-known archaeological”以及结合这座陵墓及出土文物可知，这是重大考古收获。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早期考古学还与军事和殖民势力紧密关联。A. voluntary自愿的；B. literal字面的；C. military军事的；D. religious宗教的。结合后文“When Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798”提到拿破仑率军入侵埃及并掠夺文物，可知早期考古学以军事行动为背景。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1798年拿破仑·波拿巴入侵埃及时，他派遣艺术家与学者记录这场征战，其军队同时掠走数百吨文物，其中许多如今陈列于卢浮宫。A. celebrated庆祝；B. donated捐赠；C. removed移走、掠夺；D. launched发起。根据后文“hundreds of tons of artifacts, many of which now fill the Louvre”可知，拿破仑·波拿巴的军队强行带走他国文物。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：同样，来自西方殖民国家的富有探险家们也在希腊及其他地区进行了挖掘活动。A. drew on利用；B. carried out实施、开展；C. depended on依靠；D. objected to反对。根据前文“Similarly”和后文“digs in Greece and elsewhere”以及结合后文其开展考古挖掘活动可知，此处表示富有探险家们也实施挖掘活动进行掠夺。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们对古文明抱有真切的兴趣，但其研究活动仍与殖民主义紧密挂钩，埃尔金大理石雕便是典型，希腊长期要求归还这批属于本国的文化遗产。A. delivered已交付的；B. opposed反对的；C. unexposed未曝光的；D. tied关联的。根据后文“to colonialism, as seen in the case of the Elgin Marbles, which Greece has long requested returned as part of its cultural heritage.”可知，殖民扩张背景下的文物掠夺，考古行为依附殖民体系。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这类活动凸显古代文明吸引力，也体现伴随早期考古的伦理难题。A. accompanied伴随；B. diversified多样化；C. branded打上烙印；D. embraced接纳。根据前文“Such activities highlight both the historical fascination with ancient civilizations and the ethical challenges that”以及结合早期考古的掠夺本质，伦理问题一直与之共存。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：久而久之，考古学变得更加系统化。A. theoretical理论的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. transitional过渡的；D. systematic系统的。结合后文“Scientists began using standard measurements and formalized methods for recording and removing artifacts.”提到了标准化测量、规范记录等专业方式可知，考古学体现体系化发展。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对挖掘地点和各类文物的详细描绘成为了常规做法，考古学家们还与历史学家和语言学家合作，共同构建出一幅关于过去的完整画卷。A. instinct本能；B. rhythm节奏；C. prediction预测；D. picture全貌、图景。根据上文“Detailed drawings of dig sites and individual items became standard, and archaeologists collaborated with historians and linguists to create a unified”可知，这里指通过多方研究整合信息，还原完整历史面貌。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：二十世纪，考古学家重新审视自身的伦理责任。A. denied否认；B. simplified简化；C. reassessed重新评估；D. misrepresented歪曲。根据后文“their ethical responsibilities”以及“Today, most countries recognize that archaeological remains belong to the nation where they are found, reflecting a growing respect for cultural heritage and the protection of history.(如今，大多数国家都认同，考古遗迹应归其发现地所属国家所有，这体现了人们对文化遗产日益增长的尊重以及对历史的保护意识不断增强)”可知，有了现代文物保护、文化尊重理念，考古界重新定义责任。故选C。 （九） （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） Dressing for Success Oliver knew that clothes make the man. As the CEO of a successful tech startup, he made it a ____21____ to dress the part, always looking professional. Today, he was dressed to kill in a blue suit, white shirt and silk tie. He was ready to introduce his company’s latest innovation to some ____22____ investors. Oliver’s assistant, Emma, was in the office early, ____23____ everything was set for the presentation. She also had a genius for fashion and always looked perfect, even when she was doing ____24____ tasks. Today, she was dressed to the nines in a fashionable black dress and high heels. When the investors arrived, Oliver noticed that Mr. Thompson was dressed somewhat out of fashion. He was wearing an out-of-date suit that had seen better days. But Oliver ____25____ himself to not judge a book by its cover. Mr. Thompson had a reputation for being an intelligent and wise investor ____26____ his old hat appearance. The meeting began, and Oliver ____27____ into his sales speech. He wore his heart on his sleeve as he spoke about the potential impact of his company’s new product. During the meeting, Oliver noticed that another investor, Ms. Delgado, seemed ____28____ with his presentation. She was known for her fashion-forward sense and often made a fashion statement with her ____29____ choices. Today was no different; she was wearing a striking red suit that turned heads. At the end of the presentation, the investors were visibly ____30____. Mr. Thompson shook Oliver’s hand, “You’ve knocked our socks off. I see a bright future, and we want to be part of it.” Ms. Delgado added, “I agree. You’ve ____31____ thought this through, and you even dress the part. It’s ____32____ to see someone who understands the power of a strong image.” Oliver thanked everyone and promised to keep them ____33____. As the investors left, Emma turned to Oliver. “That was amazing. I think it’s safe to say we’re going ____34____.” Oliver smiled. “Thanks, Emma. I couldn’t have done it without your support.” Oliver realized that while looking the part was important, having a team that supported you was ____35____. They had shown that success came from a mixture of style, substance and enthusiasm. 21. A. proposal B. point C. schedule D. regulation 22. A. efficient B. long-term C. potential D. beneficial 23. A. making sure B. making a promise C. preparing for D. substituting for 24. A. special B. professional C. significant D. everyday 25. A. reminded B. obliged C. convinced D. doubted 26. A. in response to B. in addition to C. in spite of D. in case of 27. A. looked B. translated C. transferred D. launched 28. A. confused B. surprised C. exhausted D. taken 29. A. brave B. intelligent C. cautious D. critical 30. A. praised B. impressed C. enclosed D. trapped 31. A. willingly B. subjectively C. clearly D. objectively 32. A. inspiring B. disappointing C. astonishing D. demanding 33. A. fascinated B. relaxed C. amused D. updated 34. A. homes B. boards C. places D. forwards 35. A. protective B. invaluable C. cooperative D. ambitious 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Oliver向投资者介绍公司创新产品，最终获得认可的故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一家成功的科技初创公司的首席执行官，他总是注重穿着得体，看上去很专业。A. proposal建议；B. point重点；C. schedule时间表；D. regulation规则。根据后文“to dress the part, always looking professional”可知，他总是注重穿搭。make it a point to do sth.为固定短语，意为“重视做某事”。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，他穿着蓝色西装、白色衬衫和打着丝绸领带，打扮得非常迷人，准备向一些潜在投资者介绍公司的最新创新。A. efficient高效的；B. long-term长期的；C. potential潜在的；D. beneficial有益的。根据前文“He was ready to introduce his company’s latest innovation”可知，此时还未确定投资合作，这些是还在考察阶段的潜在投资者。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Oliver的助理Emma早早来到办公室，确保一切准备就绪。A. making sure确保；B. making a promise许下诺言；C. preparing for准备；D. substituting for代替。根据前文“Oliver’s assistant, Emma, was in the office early”可知，助理要确认所有筹备工作都到位，且空后接宾语从句说明确认的内容。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她也有时尚天赋，即使在做日常工作时，她看起来也很完美。A. special特别的；B. professional专业的；C. significant重要的；D. everyday日常的。根据前文“She also had a genius for fashion and always looked perfect, even when”和后文“Today, she was dressed to the nines in a fashionable black dress and high heels.”可知，此处体现她哪怕处理普通的日常工作，也会保持精致的穿搭。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Oliver提醒自己不要以貌取人。A. reminded提醒；B. obliged强迫；C. convinced使信服；D. doubted怀疑。根据后文“not judge a book by its cover”可知，他看到投资者穿得老旧，提醒自己不要以貌取人。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管他外表老套，但汤普森先生以聪明和睿智的投资者而闻名。A. in response to回应；B. in addition to除了；C. in spite of尽管；D. in case of万一。根据前文“Mr. Thompson had a reputation for being an intelligent and wise investor”和后文“his old hat appearance”可知，前后是让步关系：虽然对方穿搭老旧，但是能力很强。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：会议开始了，Oliver开始了他的销售演讲。A. looked看；B. translated翻译；C. transferred转移；D. launched开始。根据前文“The meeting began”可知，会议开始了，Oliver开始了他的销售演讲，launch into为固定短语，意为“突然投入、开始（讲话/工作）”，符合开启推介的语境。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在会议期间，Oliver注意到另一位投资者Delgado女士似乎对他的介绍很感兴趣。A. confused困惑的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. exhausted疲惫的；D. taken感兴趣的。根据后文“Ms. Delgado added, “I agree. You’ve ____ thought this through, and you even dress the part. It’s ____ to see someone who understands the power of a strong image.””可知，Delgado女士似乎对他的介绍很感兴趣。be taken with为固定短语，意为“被……吸引、对……感兴趣”。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她以时尚感著称，经常以大胆的选择来彰显自己的时尚。A. brave大胆的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. critical批评的。根据前文“She was known for her fashion-forward sense”和后文“Today was no different; she was wearing a striking red suit that turned heads.”可知，她以时尚感著称，后文提到她穿了引人注目的红西装，说明她的穿搭选择很大胆，符合她时尚前卫的特点。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：介绍结束时，投资者们显然印象深刻。A. praised赞扬；B. impressed使印象深刻；C. enclosed围绕；D. trapped困住。根据后文“You’ve knocked our socks off. I see a bright future, and we want to be part of it.”可知，后文投资者夸赞Oliver的项目，说明他们对演示很受触动、印象深刻。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你显然已经考虑周全了，而且你甚至穿得也很得体。A. willingly愿意地；B. subjectively主观地；C. clearly显然；D. objectively客观地。根据后文“thought this through, and you even dress the part.”可知，投资者明确能看出Oliver准备得非常充分。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到有人懂得强大形象的力量，真是令人鼓舞。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. astonishing令人惊讶的；D. demanding要求高的。根据后文“to see someone who understands the power of a strong image”可知，投资者很认可Oliver兼顾形象和实力的做法，觉得这很鼓舞人。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Oliver感谢了大家，并承诺随时向他们通报最新情况。A. fascinated使着迷；B. relaxed放松；C. amused逗乐；D. updated更新。根据前文“Oliver thanked everyone and promised to keep them”可知，Oliver承诺随时向他们通报最新情况。keep sb. updated为固定短语，意为“让某人了解最新情况”。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想我们可以肯定地说，我们要成功了。A. homes家；B. boards木板；C. places地方；D. forwards前锋。根据前文“That was amazing.”可知，go places是固定短语，意为“获得成功、前程似锦”，符合他们拿到投资、即将迎来成功的语境。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Oliver意识到，虽然外表很重要，但有一个支持你的团队是无价的。A. protective保护的；B. invaluable无价的；C. cooperative合作的；D. ambitious有野心的。根据后文“They had shown that success came from a mixture of style, substance and enthusiasm.”可知，团队的支持比穿搭更重要，是无比珍贵的资产，符合后文对成功的总结。故选B。 （十） （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） As the holiday season draws near, one category on people’s gift lists is causing increasing concern: products with artificial intelligence. The development has raised new concerns about the dangers smart toys could pose to ____21____, as consumer advocacy groups say AI could harm kids’ safety and development. The trend has ____22____ calls for increased testing of such products and governmental oversight. Last month, those fears were given disturbing ____23____ when an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children. The product, FoloToy’s Kumma, ran on an AI model and suggested role play as ways to enhance a relationship, according to the Public Interest Research Group (PIRG), the consumer protection organization behind the study. “It took very little effort to get it to go into all kinds of ____24____ topics; and probably a lot of content that parents would not want their children to ____25____,” said Teresa Murray, PIRG director. Murray said AI toys could be particularly dangerous because whereas earlier smart toys provided children-programmed responses, a bot can “have a free-flowing conversation with a child and there are no ____26____”. Companies also use the AI toys to collect ____27____ from children and have not been open about what they are doing with that information. That potentially puts users ____28____ because of a lack of security around such data. ____29____ such concerns, the Public Interest Research Group is not calling for a ban on AI toys. Some could have ____30____ value, such as helping children learn a second language or state capitals. There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children and, until that is done, they should be ____31____ shelves, Murray said. AI toys are being marketed to families as safe and even beneficial to learning before their impact has been ____32____ by independent research. By contrast, ____33____ teddy bears and toys have been proven to benefit children’s development with none of the risks of AI toys. Mattel, a toy company, stated that they are concerned about “the impact of AI toys on ____34____ mental health” and that “its first products with AI are not intended for users under 13”, adding: “AI enhances — not ____35____ — traditional play, and we are emphasizing safety, privacy, creativity and responsible innovation.” 21. A. companies B. schools C. seniors D. children 22. A. generated B. answered C. avoided D. delayed 23. A. imagination B. justification C. hesitation D. assumption 24. A. academic B. attractive C. sensitive D. technical 25. A. be opposed to B. be exposed to C. be related to D. be applied to 26. A. advantages B. connections C. boundaries D. resources 27. A. data B. feedback C. prizes D. opinions 28. A. at ease B. at length C. at risk D. at fault 29. A. Beyond B. Besides C. Despite D. Unlike 30. A. commercial B. educational C. geometric D. geographic 31. A. taken on B. sent off C. pulled from D. wiped off 32. A. assessed B. witnessed C. replaced D. overlooked 33. A. antique B. expensive C. electronic D. offline 34. A. masses’ B. minors’ C. majors’ D. majorities’ 35. A. replaces B. reserves C. resolves D. reverses 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍AI玩具存在安全隐患，引发各界担忧并呼吁加强监管。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一发展引发了人们对智能玩具可能对儿童构成危险的新担忧，因为消费者权益保护组织表示，人工智能可能会危害儿童的安全和发展。A. companies公司；B. schools学校；C. seniors老年人；D. children儿童。根据下文“as consumer advocacy groups say AI could harm kids’ safety and development”可知，消费者权益保护组织表示，人工智能可能会危害儿童的安全和发展，因此这里表示智能玩具可能对儿童造成危害。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一趋势引发了人们对增加此类产品测试和政府监管的呼吁。A. generated产生，引发；B. answered回答；C. avoided避免；D. delayed推迟。根据上文“The development has raised new concerns”可知，这一发展引发了新的担忧，担忧引发了加强监管的呼吁。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：上个月，当一只配备人工智能的泰迪熊开始讨论不适合儿童的话题时，这些担忧得到了令人不安的证实。A. imagination想象；B. justification正当理由，证实；C. hesitation犹豫；D. assumption假设。根据下文“when an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children”可知，玩具出现不当内容，担忧被具体事例所证实。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国公共利益研究集团主任Teresa Murray说:“让它进入各种敏感话题非常容易；可能还有很多父母不希望孩子接触到的内容。”A. academic学术的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. technical技术的。根据下文“probably a lot of content that parents would not want their children to”可知，父母不愿孩子接触的内容，应指敏感话题。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：美国公共利益研究集团主任Teresa Murray说:“让它进入各种敏感话题非常容易；可能还有很多父母不希望孩子接触到的内容。”A. be opposed to反对；B. be exposed to接触，暴露于；C. be related to与……有关；D. be applied to应用于。根据上文“an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children”及“It took very little effort to get it to go into all kinds of topics”可知，家长不愿孩子接触不适内容。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Murray说，人工智能玩具可能特别危险，因为早期的智能玩具为孩子们提供编程好的反应，而机器人可以“和孩子自由流畅地交谈，而且没有界限”。A. advantages优势；B. connections连接；C. boundaries界限；D. resources资源。根据上文“whereas earlier smart toys provided children-programmed responses, a bot can “have a free-flowing conversation with a child”可知，与“programmed responses”相比，人工智能玩具对话无预设限制。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司还使用人工智能玩具从儿童那里收集数据，并且没有公开他们如何处理这些信息。A. data数据；B. feedback反馈；C. prizes奖品；D. opinions意见。根据下文“what they are doing with that information”及“because of a lack of security around such data”可知，此处指人工智能玩具收集数据。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于缺乏此类数据的安全性，这可能会让用户面临风险。A. at ease舒适；B. at length详细地；C. at risk处于危险中；D. at fault有过错。根据下文“because of a lack of security around such data”可知，数据缺乏安全保护，用户面临风险。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在这些担忧，公共利益研究集团并没有呼吁禁止人工智能玩具。A. Beyond超出；B. Besides除了；C. Despite尽管；D. Unlike不像。根据上文“That potentially puts users because of a lack of security around such data.”及下文“the Public Interest Research Group is not calling for a ban on AI toys”可知，前后为让步关系，尽管有担忧，但未要求禁令。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些可能具有教育价值，比如帮助孩子学习第二语言或州首府。A. commercial商业的；B. educational教育的；C. geometric几何的；D. geographic地理的。根据下文“such as helping children learn a second language or state capitals”可知，学习语言和首府属于教育价值。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Murray说，需要进行更多独立研究，以确保这些产品对儿童安全，在完成这些研究之前，应该将它们从货架上撤下。A. taken on呈现；B. sent off寄出；C. pulled from从……撤出；D. wiped off擦去。根据上文“There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children”可知，在安全确认前，产品应从货架上撤下。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能玩具在其影响尚未经过独立研究评估之前，就以安全、甚至有益于学习的名义向家庭推销。A. assessed评估；B. witnessed见证；C. replaced代替；D. overlooked忽视。根据上文“There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children”可知，需要进行更多独立研究，以确保这些产品对儿童安全，这里表示产品影响需被评估。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，非人工智能的泰迪熊和玩具已经被证明有益于儿童的发展，而且没有人工智能玩具的风险。A. antique古老的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. electronic电子的；D. offline离线的，非智能的。根据上文“AI toys are being marketed to families as safe and even beneficial to learning before their impact has been assessed by independent research”可知，与人工智能玩具相对，指传统非联网玩具。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词所有格辨析。句意：玩具公司Mattel表示，他们担心“人工智能玩具对未成年人心理健康的影响”，并表示“其首批人工智能产品并非面向13岁以下用户”。A. masses’大众的；B. minors’未成年人的；C. majors’主修的；D. majorities’大多数的。根据下文“its first products with AI are not intended for users under 13”及全文围绕儿童玩具展开可知，其首批人工智能产品并非面向13岁以下用户，这里表示他们担心人工智能玩具对未成年人的影响。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能增强而非取代传统游戏，我们强调安全、隐私、创造力和负责任的创新。A. replaces代替，取代；B. reserves保留；C. resolves解决；D. reverses反转。根据下文“traditional play, and we are emphasizing safety, privacy, creativity and responsible innovation”可知，我们强调安全、隐私、创造力和负责任的创新，人工智能是增强而非替代传统玩耍方式。故选A。 （十一） （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） When AI Teammates Come on Board, Performance Drops Researchers studied the impact of artificial intelligence on team functioning. They asked 110 two-person groups to play 12 rounds of a video game in which participants had to collect ingredients for a recipe. After the first six rounds, one member of some teams was ____21____ by an intelligent agent. Over the next six rounds, those groups gathered, on average, three fewer ingredients than groups that remained in their original ____22____. The conclusion: When AI teammates come on board, performance drops. ____23____ studies have already explored the impact of artificial intelligence on individual and firm productivity, but the researchers aimed to understand how AI affects organizational teams internally. ____24____, most work is done in teams. They were curious about the consequences of adding intelligent agents to teams, not just for the people interacting directly with those agents. The researchers also sought to examine what impact it had on the behavior and attitudes of colleagues who ____25____ those interactions. In the rounds of individual play, the AI players proved far superior to human players. In fact, only 3% of human players ____26____ the AI players. The team results were a different story. In the initial round after the AI players joined, teams with an AI member gathered 8% fewer ingredients, on average, than teams that kept their ____27____ members. The performance ____28____ narrowed by half over the next four rounds and disappeared in the final round. But even if short-lived, a 4% drop in performance is significant, ____29____ for a large organization with multiple AI projects underway. Despite the AI’s superior individual performance and the fact that ____30____ were given to the entire team if it performed well, 84% of respondents preferred to play with their human teammates. Surveys of participants showed that AI reduces team sociability and thus ____31____ members’ motivation, effort, and trust. Interestingly, all-human teams playing alongside an AI-and-human team also saw drops in performance in the first round after the teammate change. These ____32____ contributed equally to the overall productivity loss. This is called the spillover effect, similar to what happens in an organization when an employee departs and ____33____ cooperative practices are upset. ____34____ and processes are disturbed, which harms performance. The same was true in the experiment. Those teams, despite not undergoing a direct change, encountered indirect challenges in ____35____ to the new AI-influenced dynamics within the interconnected environment. 21. A. defeated B. dominated C. replaced D. imitated 22. A. position B. composition C. technique D. resource 23. A. Subsequent B. Prior C. Primitive D. Comprehensive 24. A. In turn B. By contrast C. After all D. For instance 25. A. observed B. recorded C. facilitated D. demanded 26. A. underdid B. overestimated C. underrated D. outperformed 27. A. original B. senior C. cooperative D. core 28. A. level B. gap C. style D. standard 29. A. specially B. specifically C. especially D. inevitably 30. A. titles B. warnings C. assistances D. rewards 31. A. boosts B. shapes C. lessens D. reflects 32. A. paces B. declines C. traces D. rises 33. A. forced B. matched C. varied D. established 34. A. Routines B. Transitions C. Occupations D. Elements 35. A. applying B. objecting C. sticking D. adapting 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能队友加入团队后导致团队表现下降及相关原因。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最初的六轮比赛后，一些团队中的一名成员被智能代理所取代。A. defeated打败；B. dominated支配；C. replaced取代；D. imitated模仿。根据后文“Over the next six rounds, those groups gathered, on average, three fewer ingredients than groups that remained in their original ____. When AI teammates come on board, performance drops.”可知，后文提到保留原有人员的团队的对比，可知此处是部分人类成员被AI代理替换了。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的六轮比赛中，这些团队平均比保持原有组成的团队少收集了三种原料。A. position位置；B. composition组成；C. technique技术；D. resource资源。根据前文“one member of some teams was ____ by an intelligent agent.”可知，此处指团队人员的构成，没有被替换成员的团队保持了原本的人员组成。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：先前的研究已经探讨了人工智能对个人和企业生产力的影响，但研究人员旨在了解人工智能如何影响组织团队内部。A. Subsequent随后的；B. Prior先前的；C. Primitive原始的；D. Comprehensive全面的。根据后文“but the researchers aimed to understand how AI affects organizational teams internally”可知，此处指在本次研究之前已有的相关研究，对应后文本次研究的新方向。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，大多数工作都是团队完成的。A. In turn轮流；B. By contrast相比之下；C. After all毕竟；D. For instance例如。根据后文“most work is done in teams”可知，此处是解释为什么要研究团队层面的影响，用after all承接前文，补充说明原因。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员还试图研究这对观察这些互动的同事的行为和态度有什么影响。A. observed观察；B. recorded记录；C. facilitated促进；D. demanded要求。根据前文“They were curious about the consequences of adding intelligent agents to teams, not just for the people interacting directly with those agents. The researchers also sought to examine what impact it had on the behavior and attitudes of colleagues”可知，这些同事只是观察到 AI 与人的互动，并未直接参与，对应后文“Interestingly, all-human teams playing alongside an AI-and-human team also saw drops in performance in the first round after the teammate change.”提到的间接受到影响的旁观团队。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，只有3%的人类玩家表现优于人工智能玩家。A. underdid做得不够；B. overestimated高估；C. underrated低估；D. outperformed表现优于。根据前文“In the rounds of individual play, the AI players proved far superior to human players.”可知，前文提到AI玩家的个人表现远优于人类，因此只有极少数人能胜过AI。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在人工智能玩家加入后的第一轮比赛中，有人工智能成员的团队平均比保持原有成员的团队少收集了8%的原料。A. original原来的；B. senior高级的；C. cooperative合作的；D. core核心的。根据前文“groups that remained in their original ____”和“In the initial round after the AI players joined, teams with an AI member gathered 8% fewer ingredients”可知，指没有更换成员、保留了原本人类队友的团队。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的四轮比赛中，表现差距缩小了一半，在最后一轮比赛中消失了。A. level水平；B. gap差距；C. style风格；D. standard标准。根据前文“teams with an AI member gathered 8% fewer ingredients, on average, than teams that kept their ____ members”和后文“narrowed by half over the next four rounds and disappeared in the final round”可知，此处指两类团队之间的表现差异，差距缩小符合语境。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但即使时间短暂，4%的表现下降也是显著的，特别是对于正在进行多个人工智能项目的大型组织来说。A. specially特别地（表示专为某一目的）；B. specifically具体地；C. especially尤其（表示在同类事物中突出强调某一种）；D. inevitably不可避免地。根据后文“for a large organization with multiple AI projects underway”可知，此处指在同类事物中突出强调大型组织，强调对于大型组织来说，这种下滑的影响会更突出。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管人工智能的个人表现更优越，而且如果团队表现良好，整个团队都会得到奖励，但84%的受访者更喜欢与人类队友一起比赛。A. titles标题；B. warnings警告；C. assistances协助；D. rewards奖励。根据后文“if it performed well”可知，团队表现好会给予奖励，这是常见的激励机制。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对参与者的调查显示，人工智能降低了团队的社交能力，从而减少了成员的动力、努力和信任。A. boosts促进；B. shapes塑造；C. lessens减少；D. reflects反映。根据前文“AI reduces team sociability”可知，社交性降低会带来负面的影响，导致动力等指标下降。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些下降对整体生产力损失的贡献是相等的。A. paces步伐；B. declines下降，下滑；C. traces痕迹；D. rises上升。根据前文“all-human teams playing alongside an AI-and-human team also saw drops in performance”可知，前文提到旁观的全人类团队也出现了表现下滑，这些下滑共同导致了整体的损失。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这被称为溢出效应，类似于当一个员工离开时，既定的合作实践被打乱，组织中发生的情况。A. forced被迫的；B. matched匹配的；C. varied多样的；D. established已建立的，既定的。根据后文“cooperative practices are upset”可知，此处指团队里长期形成的、已经确立的合作惯例，被人员变动打乱。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：日常工作和流程受到干扰，这损害了表现。A. Routines日常工作，常规；B. Transitions过渡；C. Occupations职业；D. Elements元素。根据前文“cooperative practices are upset”和后文“processes are disturbed”可知，此处指团队长期形成的工作常规，和流程并列。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些团队尽管没有经历直接的变化，但在适应互联环境中新的受人工智能影响的变化时遇到了间接挑战。A. applying申请；B. objecting反对；C. sticking坚持；D. adapting适应。根据后文“to the new AI-influenced dynamics within the interconnected environment”可知，此处指这些团队需要适应新的环境变化，adapt to是固定搭配，表示“适应”。故选D。 （十二） （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） In ancient history, the soldiers of Sparta were known for their strong commitment to the group. It is believed that they fought fearlessly because they put the ____21____ above any individual soldier. This idea of ____22____ oneself for the community can also be observed in the tiny world of bacteria. Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial ____23____ system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks. A new study, led by biochemist Mindaugas Zaremba at Vilnius University, published in Cell Research, explained how this system works on a ____24____ level. By studying SPARDA in different bacteria, the team identified an important part of the system they called the beta-relay. The beta-relay works like a ____25____ in the SPARDA system. When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it remain ____26____. Once foreign DNA, such as a virus, is ____27____, the beta-relay changes its shape and turns “on.” This transformation allows its proteins to connect with each other, forming long chains to ____28____ the enemy as well as the host. “SPARDA systems were demonstrated to protect bacteria from viruses by degrading the DNA of both ____29____ cells and viruses. They killed the host but at the same time prevented further spread of the infection within the bacterial population.” Zaremba said. SPARDA is essential for bacterial defense, but Zaremba’s team argues that the system could also help ____30____ in medical diagnosis. SPARDA is the final line for bacterial cells, which is activated only when an infection is present. Therefore, SPARDA includes an accurate ____31____ mechanism for spotting foreign DNA that would launch self-destruction. Researchers could ____32____ the system for medical diagnostics, Zaremba suggested, which means the beta-relay could be altered to function only when the target gene is identified. ____33____, imagine it would react only to the genetic material of HIV. But the benefits of SPARDA don’t stop there. Traditional diagnostic tools have an obvious ____34____: they can only work when viruses contain a specific genetic code called PAM. “We already know that SPARDA systems do not require PAM,” Zaremba said. “This makes SPARDA more ____35____, and it could help scientists detect a wider variety of germs and viruses. Understanding how this system works may help us solve some of the big challenges in science.” 21. A. king B. battle C. state D. honour 22. A. enjoying B. protecting C. celebrating D. sacrificing 23. A. control B. defense C. network D. information 24. A. micro B. global C. practical D. historical 25. A. bridge B. barrier C. switch D. vehicle 26. A. inactive B. unsure C. available D. energetic 27. A. revised B. detected C. released D. eliminated 28. A. destroy B. restore C. examine D. identify 29. A. infected B. healthy C. foreign D. unknown 30. A. humans B. planets C. organisms D. ecosystems 31. A. regulation B. measurement C. recognition D. transportation 32. A. reduce B. return C. reproduce D. repurpose 33. A. In fact B. As a result C. In addition D. For example 34. A. danger B. feature C. advantage D. limitation 35. A. rigid B. risky C. flexible D. innovative 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现细菌防御系统SPARDA如斯巴达战士般牺牲自我保护群体，该系统无需特定基因序列，在医学诊断上比传统工具更灵活实用。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们认为他们英勇作战是因为他们把国家置于任何个人士兵之上。A. king国王；B. battle战役；C. state国家；D. honour荣誉。根据上文“In ancient history, the soldiers of Sparta were known for their strong commitment to the group.(在古代历史中，斯巴达的士兵以其对团队的坚定忠诚而闻名)”可知，斯巴达战士重视城邦国家利益。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种为群体牺牲自我的精神也能在细菌的微小世界中被观察到。A. enjoying享受；B. protecting保护；C. celebrating庆祝；D. sacrificing牺牲。后文“Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial ____ system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks.”细菌自我毁灭保护群体，对应牺牲精神。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家最近发现一种名为SPARDA的细菌防御系统如何使用类似策略保护细菌群体免受病毒攻击。A. control控制；B. defense防御；C. network网络；D. information信息。根据后文“system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks”可知，系统用于抵御病毒，属于防御系统。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由维尔纽斯大学的生物化学家米尼亚古斯·扎雷姆巴领导的一项新研究发表在《细胞研究》杂志上，该研究详细阐述了这一系统在微观层面的运作机制。A. micro微观的；B. global全球的；C. practical实际的；D. historical历史的。根据上文“Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial ____ system”可知，研究细菌系统属于微观层面。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：β中继在SPARDA系统中就像一个开关。A. bridge桥梁；B. barrier屏障；C. switch开关；D. vehicle交通工具。根据后文“When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it”可知，后文有off和on状态，对应开关功能。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有危险时它保持关闭，其中的蛋白质保持不活跃。A. inactive不活跃的；B. unsure不确定的；C. available可获得的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上文“When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it remain”可知，开关关闭则蛋白质不活跃。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦检测到病毒等外来DNA，β中继就会改变形状并开启。A. revised修订；B. detected检测；C. released释放；D. eliminated消除。根据后文“the beta-relay changes its shape and turns “on.””可知，系统先识别再启动防御。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种转变使其蛋白质相互连接形成长链，摧毁敌人及宿主细胞。A. destroy摧毁；B. restore恢复；C. examine检查；D. identify识别。根据后文“the enemy”以及“by degrading the DNA”提到降解DNA、杀死宿主，对应摧毁。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：SPARDA系统已被证实能够通过分解受感染细胞和病毒的DNA来保护细菌免受病毒的侵害。A. infected被感染的；B. healthy健康的；C. foreign外来的；D. unknown未知的。根据后文“They killed the host but at the same time prevented further spread of the infection within the bacterial population.” Zaremba said.(扎雷姆巴说：“他们消灭了宿主，但同时又阻止了感染在细菌群体内部的进一步传播。”)”可知，被感染细胞会被一同清除防止扩散。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：SPARDA对于细菌的防御至关重要，但Zaremba团队认为该系统也可帮助人类进行医学诊断。A. humans人类；B. planets行星；C. organisms生物体；D. ecosystems生态系统。根据后文“in medical diagnosis”可知，医学诊断服务于人类。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，SPARDA包含精准识别外来DNA的机制并启动自毁。A. regulation管理；B. measurement测量；C. recognition识别；D. transportation运输。根据后文“for spotting foreign DNA that would launch self-destruction”可知，系统能识别外来基因物质。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Zaremba表示，研究人员可以将该系统重新用于医学诊断领域，这意味着可以对这种“β中继”进行改造，使其仅在检测到目标基因时才发挥作用。A. reduce减少；B. return返回；C. reproduce繁殖；D. repurpose改变用途。根据后文“the system for medical diagnostics”可知，将细菌防御系统改为用途为诊断工具。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，想象它只对HIV的遗传物质起反应。A. In fact事实上；B. As a result因此；C. In addition此外；D. For example例如。后文“imagine it would react only to the genetic material of HIV”是具体举例说明应用。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：传统诊断工具有明显局限：只能识别含特定PAM序列的病毒。A. danger危险；B. feature特征；C. advantage优势；D. limitation局限。根据后文“they can only work when viruses contain a specific genetic code called PAM”可知，后文内容为传统工具的不足。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使SPARDA更灵活，并且能够帮助科学家检测到更多种类的细菌和病毒。A. rigid僵硬的；B. risky有风险的；C. flexible灵活的；D. innovative创新的。根据上文“We already know that SPARDA systems do not require PAM”可知，无需PAM使其适用范围更广，更灵活。故选C。 （十三） （2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Lawbreakers increasingly use generative AI to mimic (模仿) real people’s voices and cheat their loved ones out of money. And there’s a simple solution to this ____21____ problem: a code word. If you receive a call from someone who sounds just like your grandson and says he needs money, the best thing to do is hang up and call your grandson. But if the voice is so ____22____ that you can’t bear to do that, ask for your family code word. If the caller can’t produce it, hang up. ____23____, if you are in trouble and need to call a loved one for help, say the code word so your relative knows it’s really you. Here are some tips on how to create and ____24____ a family code word: .1. Keep it simple but ____25____. The code word (or phrase) should be easy to remember and something only family members would know. Lawbreakers can find out a lot about you online, including on social media and ____26____ available databases. Don’t use a word they could ____27____, such as the name of your street or pet. Instead, choose from entertaining family ____28____, like an inside joke or your baby’s first word. .2. Keep it safe. If you worry you’ll forget the code word, you could store it in a password manager. If you write it down, ____29____ the paper. .3. Keep the circle ____30____. Only share the code word with close and trusted family members, and do it in person or over the phone. The wider the circle, the riskier it gets. .4. Have a Plan B. Some families prefer to have a code question to which only a family member would know the answer. In the event that a caller could guess the right answer, have a(n) ____31____ question as well — a type of two-factor confirmation. .5. Don’t change the code word unless you need to. A ____32____ in family dynamics — such as a relative getting broken up with a mate who knew the code — could justify a change. But if you’re confident there’s no ____33____ in the circle of code-word holders, there’s no need to change it. Introducing a new word could cause ____34____, like forgetting which is the latest version. ● The warning: There are situations where a code might not be appropriate. Some people might not be able to remember the word or think to ask for one. In that case, it’s probably best to ____35____ calls by blocking unknown numbers. 21. A. age-old B. high-tech C. number-one D. substance-abuse 22. A. commanding B. convincing C. pleasant D. smooth 23. A. Consequently B. Contrarily C. Likewise D. Nevertheless 24. A. break B. issue C. manage D. pronounce 25. A. digital B. professional C. strict D. strong 26. A. commercially B. instantly C. locally D. publicly 27. A. coin B. guess C. translate D. understand 28. A. accounts B. commitments C. members D. ties 29. A. hide B. recycle C. tear D. unfold 30. A. charmed B. complete C. tight D. widening 31. A. backup B. multiple-choice C. open-ended D. specific 32. A. balance B. pattern C. presence D. shift 33. A. break B. cash C. security D. trap 34. A. confusion B. debate C. intervention D. misunderstanding 35. A. finish B. handle C. limit D. trace 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何创建和使用家庭暗号来防范高科技诈骗。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而对于这个高科技问题，有一个简单的解决方案：暗号。A. age-old古老的；B. high-tech高科技的；C. number-one第一的；D. substance-abuse滥用药物的。根据上文“Lawbreakers increasingly use generative AI to mimic (模仿) real people’s voices and cheat their loved ones out of money.”可知，违法者越来越多地使用生成式人工智能模仿真实人物的声音，骗取亲人的钱财。违法者利用高科技进行诈骗，因此这是一个高科技问题。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果这个声音非常逼真，让你不忍心挂断电话，那就要求对方说出你的家庭暗号。A. commanding有权威的；B. convincing逼真的，令人信服的；C. pleasant令人愉快的；D. smooth光滑的。根据上文“If you receive a call from someone who sounds just like your grandson and says he needs money, the best thing to do is hang up and call your grandson.”以及下文“that you can’t bear to do that”可知，如果你接到一个听起来就像你孙子的人打来的电话，说他需要钱，最好的办法就是挂断电话，然后给你的孙子打电话。此处指声音非常逼真，让人不忍心挂断电话。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果你遇到麻烦，需要打电话给亲人寻求帮助，说出暗号，这样你的亲人就知道真的是你。A. Consequently因此；B. Contrarily相反地；C. Likewise同样地；D. Nevertheless然而。根据上文“If the caller can’t produce it, hang up.”以及下文“if you are in trouble and need to call a loved one for help, say the code word so your relative knows it’s really you.”可知，前文说接到陌生可疑来电要核对暗号，此处说明自己求助时也要使用暗号，是同类情况并列。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：以下是一些关于如何创建和管理家庭暗号的建议。A. break打破；B. issue发布；C. manage管理；D. pronounce发音。根据下文“a family code word”和“Keep it simple”、“Keep it safe”、“Keep the circle______”、“Have a Plan B.”、“Don’t change the code word unless you need to”可知，下文介绍了设置、保存、保密、更换暗号等方法，属于对暗号的管理与维护。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：暗号要简洁但牢靠安全。A. digital数字的；B. professional专业的；C. strict严格的；D. strong安全的，可靠的。根据下文“Don’t use a word they could _____, such as the name of your street or pet. Instead, choose from entertaining family_____, like an inside joke or your baby’s first word.”可知，后文提示不要使用容易被破解的内容，需要兼具简单与安全性、可靠性。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：违法者可以在网上找到很多关于你的信息，包括社交媒体和公开可用的数据库。A. commercially商业上；B. instantly立即；C. locally当地；D. publicly公开地。根据上文“Lawbreakers can find out a lot about you online”可知，违法者能在网上找到很多关于你的信息，这里说社交媒体和公开可用的数据库。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要使用他们可能猜到的词，比如你所在街道的名字或宠物的名字。A. coin创造；B. guess猜测；C. translate翻译；D. understand理解。根据下文“such as the name of your street or pet”可知，此处指不要使用违法者可能猜到的词。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，从有趣的家庭故事中选择，比如一个内部笑话或你宝宝说的第一个词。A. accounts账户，故事；B. commitments承诺；C. members成员；D. ties关系。根据下文“like an inside joke or your baby’s first word”可知，内部笑话和宝宝说的第一个词都属于家庭故事，所以从有趣的家庭故事中选择暗号。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你把它写下来，把纸藏起来。A. hide隐藏；B. recycle回收；C. tear撕；D. unfold展开。根据上文“Keep it safe. If you worry you’ll forget the code word, you could store it in a password manager. If you write it down”可知，本条建议主题为保护暗号安全，写下来后需要妥善隐藏，防止泄露。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保持圈子紧密。A. charmed着迷的；B. complete完全的；C. tight紧密的；D. widening扩大的。根据下文“Only share the code word with close and trusted family members, and do it in person or over the phone.”可知，后文说明暗号仅分享给至亲信任的家人，严控知晓人数，此处指保持圈子紧密，不要随意分享密码词。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果打电话的人能猜出正确答案，也要准备一个备用问题——一种双重确认。A. backup备用的；B. multiple-choice多项选择的；C. open-ended开放式的；D. specific具体的。根据上文“Have a Plan B. Some families prefer to have a code question to which only a family member would know the answer. In the event that a caller could guess the right answer, have a(n)”可知，此处指准备一个备用问题，以防打电话的人能猜出正确答案。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：家庭动态的变化——比如一个亲戚与知道密码的伴侣分手——可能证明有必要进行更改。A. balance平衡；B. pattern模式；C. presence存在；D. shift变化。根据下文“in family dynamics — such as a relative getting broken up with a mate who knew the code”可知，后文举例人际关系发生变化，属于家庭动态的转变与调整。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如果你确信知晓暗号的圈子没有出现漏洞、破绽，就没必要更换暗号。A. break漏洞，破绽；B. cash现金；C. security安全；D. trap陷阱。根据上文“Don’t change the code word unless you need to. A ______ in family dynamics — such as a relative getting broken up with a mate who knew the code — could justify a change. But if you’re confident there’s no”可知，此处指掌握暗号的人员内部没有出现信息泄露、关系破裂这类破绽与漏洞，暗号不存在外泄风险，因此无需更换。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：引入一个新词可能会造成混乱，比如忘记哪个是最新版本。A. confusion混乱；B. debate辩论；C. intervention干预；D. misunderstanding误解。根据下文“like forgetting which is the latest version”可知，忘记哪个是最新版本，这说明引入新词会导致混乱。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，最好通过屏蔽未知号码来限制通话。A. finish完成；B. handle处理；C. limit限制；D. trace追踪。根据上文“Some people might not be able to remember the word or think to ask for one.”可知，有些人可能记不住暗号或者想不到要询问暗号，对于这种情况，通过屏蔽未知号码来限制来电是比较好的做法。故选C。 （十四） （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Who, or what, do you trust? Every day, we turn to the internet to ____21____: should we stay at that hotel, eat at this restaurant, ride with that driver? We have become so used to the large-scale insights provided by ____22____, many of us wouldn’t even buy a toaster without first checking reviews. Their accessibility and apparent authority mean that simply picking an appliance at random is almost ____23____ — why wouldn’t you ask Google first? And yet, when it comes to many more fundamental choices — like what we choose to study — we often trust our instincts. This, argues economist Seth Davidowitz, is where we are going wrong. ____24____, following our instincts can lead us to act on hidden prejudices or to keep following dead-end paths. In his new book Don’t Trust Your Gut: Using data instead of instinct to make better choices, Seth Davidowitz brings together “credible answers to ____25____ questions” as revealed by vast online data, so we can apply them in order to be more successful and happier. “While we often think we know how to better ourselves, the numbers, it turns out, ____26____,” he writes. Some findings are indeed ____27____, going against common belief — for example, the overstated advantage of youth in starting a business. Others, however, may be more ____28____ expectations: we often overestimate the pleasure of passive activities such as snacking and watching TV. Research by the London School of Economics found that even relaxing tends to make people feel less ____29____ than anticipated. On the other hand, we underestimate the ____30____ to our mood from visiting museums or libraries. From work to relationships, Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for ____31____ on key decisions and, where possible, tries it out for himself. In his book he writes that he used AI, market research and statistical analysis — putting more than 100 edited images of himself into an online survey — to find out that people generally prefer him with glasses and a beard. Though entertaining, his book is most ____32____ when it challenges popular assumptions and demonstrates what works best for most people, so that all of us might learn from their example. But his somewhat idealist view of data may create a ____33____ with a world already transformed by it. ____34____ may not lie, as Seth Davidowitz writes — but nor do they reveal the complete, complex picture, especially when they are controlled by corporate interests. When our ____35____ is already being shaped by data in ways of which we aren’t aware, perhaps success isn’t always a matter of making the right decision. 21. A. make decisions B. express opinions C. gain knowledge D. achieve success 22. A. experience B. freedom C. technology D. power 23. A. rewarding B. exhausting C. effortless D. unthinkable 24. A. By contrast B. After all C. Even so D. In short 25. A. important B. obvious C. factual D. uncomfortable 26. A. remain B. disagree C. approve D. vary 27. A. misleading B. original C. surprising D. experimental 28. A. dependent on B. beneficial to C. consistent with D. strict about 29. A. attentive B. confused C. confident D. happy 30. A. boost B. cost C. risk D. boredom 31. A. convenience B. guidance C. diversity D. precision 32. A. recreational B. complicated C. popular D. practical 33. A. conflict B. conversation C. balance D. relationship 34. A. Books B. Resources C. Numbers D. Instincts 35. A. identity B. behaviour C. status D. reputation 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨数据优于直觉，理性抉择并反思数据局限性。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每天，我们都会求助于互联网来做决定：我们应该住在那家酒店、在这家餐厅吃饭、乘坐那位司机的车吗？A. make decisions做决定；B. express opinions表达意见；C. gain knowledge获得知识；D. achieve success取得成功。根据下文“should we stay at that hotel, eat at this restaurant, ride with that driver?”可知，后文列举的住宿、就餐、出行选择均属于日常决策，说明我们上网是为求助于互联网来做决定。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经如此习惯科技提供的大规模参考信息，很多人就连买一个烤面包机都要先查看评论。A. experience经验；B. freedom自由；C. technology科技；D. power力量。根据上文“We have become so used to the large-scale insights provided by”以及常识可知，互联网属于科技，此处指我们已经习惯于科技所提供的见解。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们的可及性和明显的权威性意味着，随便挑选一件电器几乎是不可想象的——你为什么不先问问谷歌呢？A. rewarding值得的；B. exhausting令人疲惫的；C. effortless不费力的；D. unthinkable不可想象的。根据上文“Their accessibility and apparent authority mean that simply picking an appliance at random is almost”可知，人们习惯查网络参考，网络有可及性和明显的权威性，因此盲目选购家电是人们不会考虑、无法想象的事。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：毕竟，跟随我们的直觉会导致我们按照隐藏的偏见行事，或者继续走死胡同。A. By contrast相比之下；B. After all毕竟；C. Even so即便如此；D. In short简言之。根据下文“following our instincts can lead us to act on hidden prejudices or to keep following dead-end paths”可知，此处是在解释为什么我们不应该仅仅依靠直觉来做决定，after all表示“毕竟”，用于引出解释或理由。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在新作《别信直觉：用数据而非本能做出更好的选择》一书中，塞思・达维多维茨整合了海量网络大数据所揭示的、各类重要人生问题的可靠答案，以便我们借鉴运用，从而收获更大的成功与幸福感。A. important重要的；B. obvious明显的；C. factual事实的；D. uncomfortable令人不适的。根据后文“From work to relationships, Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for ______on key decisions”可知，这本书提及工作、人 际关系等，都是人生关键重要的问题。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“虽然我们常常认为自己知道如何提升自己，但事实证明，数字并不认同，”他写道。A. remain保持；B. disagree不同意；C. approve批准；D. vary变化。根据上文“While we often think we know how to better ourselves, the numbers, it turns out”可知，句首的“While”引导让步状语从句，表示转折。从句说“虽然我们常常认为自己知道如何提升自己”，主句则应该表达与之相反的意思，即实际情况（数字）与我们的想法不一致。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些发现确实令人惊讶，与普遍看法相悖——例如，年轻人创业的优势被夸大了。A. misleading误导的；B. original原始的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. experimental实验的。根据下文“going against common belief”可知，有些发现与普遍看法相悖，因此是令人惊讶的。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，其他一些发现可能更符合人们的预期：我们常常高估了诸如吃零食和看电视等被动活动的乐趣。A. dependent on依靠；B. beneficial to有益于；C. consistent with符合；D. strict about严格。根据下文“we often overestimate the pleasure of passive activities such as snacking and watching TV”可知，前文发现违背常识，此处转折，表示另一部分和预期相符，我们常常高估了吃零食和看电视等被动活动的乐趣，这是符合人们预期的。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伦敦经济学院的研究发现，即使是放松也往往让人感觉不如预期的快乐。A. attentive专注的；B. confused困惑的；C. confident自信的；D. happy快乐的。根据上文“Research by the London School of Economics found that even relaxing tends to make people feel less ”可知，前文提到高估被动活动的愉悦感，此处对应放松的实际幸福感、快乐感更低。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，我们低估了参观博物馆或图书馆对我们情绪的提升作用。A. boost提升；B. cost成本；C. risk风险；D. boredom无聊。根据上文“On the other hand, we underestimate the”以及下文“from visiting museums or libraries”可知，前文被动活动幸福感偏低，对比可知文化活动能改善、提升心情。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从工作到人际关系，塞思·戴维维茨都从数据中寻求关键决策的指导，并在可能的情况下亲自尝试。A. convenience便利；B. guidance指导；C. diversity多样性；D. precision精确。根据上文“Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for”以及下文“on key decisions”可知，塞思·戴维维茨主张用数据辅助选择，即数据为决策提供参考指导。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的书很有趣，但当它挑战流行假设并证明什么对大多数人最有效时，它才最实用，这样我们所有人都可以从他们的例子中学习。A. recreational娱乐的；B. complicated复杂的；C. popular流行的；D. practical实用的。根据下文“when it challenges popular assumptions and demonstrates what works best for most people, so that all of us might learn from their example”可知，当它挑战流行假设并展示对大多数人最有效的方法，以便我们所有人都能学习，这解释了这本书的价值所在。这种能够被人们学习并应用的特性就是“实用性”。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他对数据有些理想化的看法可能会与一个已经被数据改变的世界产生冲突。A. conflict冲突；B. conversation对话；C. balance平衡；D. relationship关系。根据下文“but nor do they reveal the complete, complex picture, especially when they are controlled by corporate interests”可知，下文指出数据存在局限性、受企业利益操控，说明塞思·戴维维茨的$